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性行為的發展 |
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性行為的發展阶段：兒童期的性行為發展階段 |
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“性反應”的發展
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兒童期施洗禮的約翰與耶穌
歐洲文藝復興時期藝術品流行的藝術主題。此圖改繪自約斯·凡·克列夫（Jos
van Cleve,
1464-1540）
John the Baptist and Jesus
as children
Popular motive in European Renaissance art. Here after a painting by
Jos van Cleve (1464-1540).
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在1-2歲，兒童開始探查自己的身體。當他們發現各種各樣的愉悅感覺時，通常也會開始玩弄自己的性器官。到2歲，一些兒童就已經體驗過極度興奮（orgasm）；到5歲，幾乎有一半的兒童有了這種體驗。他們也可能擁抱和吻其他同伴。如果他們沒有被干預，他們甚至可能撫弄和探究其包括兄弟姐妹在內的玩伴的性器官。一般而言，男孩在這方面比女孩更為活躍。但是，大多數這類相互探究活動（“扮演醫生護士”）的動機單純由對身體及其功能的好奇心所激發，但未有成人意識程度的性欲特徵。甚至真實的情形是，當兒童設法模仿性交的時候，他們輪流扮演“主動”角色和“被動”角色。更為多見的嘗試是，想要瞭解有關自己和他人的一些生理或其它別的什麼知識。隨著兒童的發育長大，他們仍舊可能通過刺激他們的性器官得到始終為“特別的”性愉悅，並且與他人一起的“性遊戲（sex
play）”可能愈加符合性欲的特徵。年長一點的兒童甚至可能“墜入情網（fall
in love）”，發展到親密擁抱並建立非常密切的關係。這個新的“密友”可以是另一性別成員或者同性別成員。這些性行為的發展特徵是毋庸置疑的。無論如何，當父母給孩子解釋身體部位及其功能的時候，保持與孩子的密切交流和秉持寬容的心態是至關重要的。孩子約在5歲時，會想知道“寶寶是從哪里來的”，並且需要對許多其它的“性”疑問給予真實的回答。與此同時，他們需要一定的寬鬆環境進行實際的體驗。因而，在富於體諒之心和支持之舉的父母幫助下，兒童逐漸發育成“有性的”人，他們為預期會發展的性欲行為逐漸做好了準備。
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Development of Sexual Behavior |
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Stages of Development: Childhood
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“Sexual Response” 1
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Between the ages of one and two, children begin to explore their bodies. As they discover various pleasurable sensations, they usually also begin to play with their sex organs.
By the age of two, some children have experienced orgasm, and by age five, nearly half of all children have had this experience.
They may also embrace and kiss other children. Indeed, if they are not interfered with, they may fondle and explore the sex organs of their playmates, including their siblings. Generally speaking, boys are more active in this respect than girls. However, most often this kind of mutual exploration (“playing doctor”) is motivated by simple curiosity about the body and its functions and has no erotic character in the adult sense. This is true even when he children try to simulate coitus, taking turns in playing an “active” and “passive” role. These are, more than anything else, attempts to learn something about oneself and others. Still, as children grow older, they may derive an evermore “special” pleasure from the stimulation their sex organs, and their “sex play” with others may become increasingly sensual in character. Older children may even “fall in love”, develop crushes and form very close relationships. The new, “special friends” may be of the other or of the same sex. None of this is necessarily problematical. It is important, however, that the parents maintain a close bond with their children and remain comfortable when explaining various body parts and their functions. Children as young as five want to know “where babies come from” and need truthful answers to many other “sexual” questions. At the same time, they need some space for practical experimentation. Thus, with the help of understanding and supportive parents, children gradually develop into “sexual” beings who will become ready for deliberate erotic behavior. |
