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男性性生理問題 |
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精索靜脈曲張
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精索靜脈曲張:外觀 Varicocele: Outside view
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精索靜脈曲張(自拉丁語：varix-“靜脈曲張”+kele-“破裂”或“空穴、竇洞”)是指把血液從睾丸輸送至心臟的小靜脈的網路狀擴張。當控制血液單向流動的靜脈瓣變得脆弱時，就會發生靜脈擴張。在這種病症，血液仍然容易向下流入睾丸，但難以(從睾丸)往上回流和流出。其結果是，血液蓄積和擴展了靜脈，形成精索靜脈纏結狀怒張。通常，精索靜脈曲張發生在左側。這種症狀相當普遍，尤其在青年男子更加常見(約有10%的男子受到它的影響)。它常常未產生引人警覺的症狀，並且只偶爾在某些體格檢查過程中才被發現。可是，如果精索靜脈曲張增大，可能造成睾丸墜脹感或痛覺遲鈍。它甚至可能形成透過陰囊皮膚可見的帶藍色的腫脹。精索靜脈曲張也可能導致睾丸皺縮，並且因為它升高陰囊內的溫度，可能成為男子不育的病因。
治
療
治療依診斷而定。如果未造成任何症狀，或症狀輕微，使用陰囊托(scrotal
support)或抬托內褲(supportive
underwear)可能足矣。可是，如果病人感到疼痛，如果他的睾丸已經皺縮，和/或如果他需要治療不育症，則可能需要外科手術。可以使用數種傳統的外科技術結紮擴張的靜脈，醫學上稱為“精索靜脈曲張結紮(varicocele
ligation)”。也有一種較新的技術，是一種不太精細的非手術療法，稱作“精索靜脈曲張閉塞法(varicocele
embolization)”。該療法是在右側的腹股溝從一個小切口，通過靜脈導入一根小引流管到左側，在靜脈曲張的部位導流曲張的精索靜脈。然後，通過這根導管放置細小的捲曲圈，以阻斷左側的靜脈，據此達到與靜脈結紮相同的治療效果。 |
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Physical Problems in Males |
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Varicocele
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A varicocele (from lat. varix: “varicose vein” + gr. kele: “break” or “cavity) is the enlargement of the network of tiny veins that move the blood circulation from the testicles upward toward the heart. The enlargement occurs when the one-way valves in these veins become weak. In that case, blood still easily flows down into the testicle, but has difficulty flowing back upward and out. As a result, the blood accumulates and stretches the veins, forming
a tangled mass of varicose veins. As a rule, a varicocele is found only on the left side. The condition is fairly common, especially in younger men (ca.10% of all men are affected). Very often, it does not produce noticeable symptoms and is discovered only by accident in the course of some physical examination. However if a varicocele is large, it may cause some heavy feeling in the testicle or dull pain. It may even form a bluish swelling visible through the skin of the scrotum. A varicocele may also cause the testicle to shrink, and, since it raises the temperature inside the scrotum, it may be the cause of a man’s infertility.
Treatment
The treatment depends on the diagnosis. If the varicocele does not produce any symptoms, or it the symptoms are mild, some scrotal support or supportive underwear may suffice. However, if the patient feels pain, if his testicle has shrunk, and/or if he needs to be treated for his infertility, surgery may be required. Several traditional surgical techniques may be used to tie off the distended veins. The medical term for this is “varicocele ligation”. There is also a newer, less elaborate non-surgical procedure called “varicocele embolization”. It consists of introducing a thin tube through a small cut in the right side of the groin and guiding it through the veins to the left side where it can drain the varicocele. The tube then allows for the placement of a tiny coil that will block the vein, thereby achieving the same effect as a
ligation.
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