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男性性生理問題 |
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包皮過長
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包皮過長(自希臘語：窒息)是指包皮過緊，以至於不能翻卷到陰莖頭後方的症狀。
對於少年來說，包皮過長是完全正常的一種生理現象。在青春期之前或期間，包皮自身通常會發生變化。所以，在孩童期不需要在意它的長短，除非它有反復的局部感染或引起排尿困難。在一些病例，包皮能夠翻卷到陰莖頭的後方，然而卻不能再翻卷回復原位；它仍保持在陰莖頭的後方，即發生“嵌頓(strangulating)”，也就是說它阻斷陰莖頭的血流，產生疼痛性腫脹並有可能導致陰莖的嚴重損傷。這種症狀叫嵌頓性包莖(paraphimosis)。
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包皮過長(左)和嵌頓性包莖(右)
Phimosis (left) and Paraphimosis (right)
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治
療
醫生用特殊方法小心地復位或施行一種小手術，通常能夠治療嵌頓性包莖。至於包皮過長，正如上述所提及的那樣，甚至於在孩童時期就可能需要施行一個小手術。如果包皮過緊延續到青春期，就可能產生各種症狀，所以應該去看醫生。包皮過長的根治通常實施包皮環切術(circumcision)，也就是說，外科手術切除包皮。
更何況基於任何原因的考慮，在孩童期、青春期前或青春期，青年男子的包皮環切術在某些宗教裏具有長遠的傳統，例如猶太教和伊斯蘭教。不過，非宗教原因的包皮環切術在美國和其他西方工業化國家裏也業已流行。
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Physical Problems in Males |
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Phimosis
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Phimosis (gr. for gagging) is a tightness of the foreskin, making it impossible to retract it behind the glans of the penis.
This condition is
quite normal for young boys. It will usually change by itself before or during puberty. Therefore, nothing needs to be done about it during childhood except if there are recurring local infectons or serious difficulties during urination. In some cases, the foreskin can be retracted but then cannot be pulled forward again. Instead, it remains behind the glans, “strangulating” it, i.e. cutting off the blood flow, producing painful swelling and possibly causing serious damage to the penis. This condition is known as
paraphimosis.
Treatment
A physician can usually treat
paraphimosis by a special kind of careful manipulation or some small incision. As for
phimosis, as mentioned above, medical treatment, possibly including minor surgery, may become necessary even in childhood. If the tightness of the foreskin persists beyond puberty, various problems may develop and medical help should be sought. This is usually followed by the ultimate treatment of phimosis -
circumcision, i.e. the surgical removal of the foreskin.
Quite apart from any such considerations, the circumcision of young males – in childhood or before or during puberty – has a long tradition in certain religions, for example Judaism and Islam. However, circumcision for non-religious reasons has also long been popular in the USA and some other Western industrial countries.
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