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男性性生理問題 |
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男子女性型乳房
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男子女性型乳房(Gynecomastia自希臘語，gyne：“女人”和
mastos：“乳房”)是男子由於一些激素均衡失調所導致的一種反常的、通常為良性的乳房增大。乳房增大可能比較輕微，也可能比較顯著。乳房增大也可能不對稱，罕見的病例可能有疼痛。對所有男子女性型乳房病例進行醫學檢查是明智之舉，既可打消病人的疑慮，亦可在需要時進行治療。
男子女性型乳房有兩種主要類型：
1.“真性”男子女性型乳房(“Genuine”
gynecomastia)，也就是說有乳腺的發育。這通常是在青春期的暫時現象(“青春期男子女性型乳房”)。症狀可能持續數月甚或兩年，但是通常會在青春期末消退。“真性”男子女性型乳房也可能發生在成年男子，尤其在老年男人，它並非不常見。常常並不清楚它的病因。可是，在許多病例中，某些遺傳缺陷(例如克萊裏菲爾特綜合征)、潛在疾病(例如肝臟疾病)或某些藥物是其病因。一旦有反常的乳房發育，必須要做癌症排除診斷。包括可能的外科手術在內的醫學治療將會視病情而定。
2. 假性男子女性型乳房(Pseudo-gynecomastia)，(也稱為乳房脂肪瘤，lipomastia),
也就是說，在缺乏真正的乳腺組織的情況下所出現的脂肪性乳房增大。同理，病因可能各種各樣，從肥胖到臨床使用了類固醇藥物，不一而足。在老年男性，乳房增大也是為治療前列腺病症而服用了雌激素所產生的副作用的原因。治療則取決於準確的診斷。對於嚴重的病例，可能需要做整容外科手術。
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Physical Problems in Males |
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Gynecomastia
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Gynecomastia (from gr. gyne: "woman" and mastos: "breast.") is an atypical, usually benign breast enlargement in males as a result of some hormonal imbalance. The enlargement may be slight or pronounced, temporary or permanent. It may also be asymmetrical, and in rare cases it can be painful. In all cases, a medical examination is advisable, either to reassure the patient or to start some treatment if necessary.
There are two main forms of gynecomastia:
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“Genuine” gynecomastia, i.e. the development of breast glands. This is usually a temporary phenomenon during puberty (“pubertal gynecomastia”). The condition may last a few months or even one or two years, but it usually disappears at the end of adolescence. Gynecomastia may also develop in adult males. Especially in older men it is not uncommon. Very often, the cause remains unknown. However, in many cases some genetic defect (for example Klinefelter syndrome), underlying disease (for example liver disease), or a certain medication is found to be responsible. In the case of asymmetrical breast development, cancer has to be ruled out. Medical treatment, including possible surgery, will vary depending on the cause.
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Pseudo-gynecomastia, (also called
lipomastia) i.e. a fatty breast enlargment in the absence of real breast tissue. Again, a variety of causes are possible, ranging from obesity to steroid use. In older males, the enlargement may also be an unwanted side effect of taking estrogen for prostate problems. An exact diagnosis will determine the treatment. In severe cases, cosmetic surgery may be desirable.
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