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避孕 |
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錯綜複雜的問題
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歷史記載:避孕套 |
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Gabriele Fallopio
(1523-1562)
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避孕套的發明常常被歸功於義大利解剖學家Gabriele Fallopio，他也發現了以他的名字命名的輸卵管（Fallopian
tubes）。可是，他的遺著《法國病》（梅毒）所描述的這個裝置是一個小小的亞麻鞘，僅覆蓋陰莖頭，而且打算用於預防梅毒感染。也有人曾經報告，古人用過像避孕套樣的裝置，但是這樣的傳言缺乏根據。
一些作者把避孕套的發明歸功於17世紀英國內科醫生康得姆（Dr. Condom, Condum or
Conton），但是，在歷史檔案裏卻從沒有記載過這樣的一個人。在18世紀，亞麻制避孕套使用範圍受到了限制，隨著時間的推移，綿羊盲腸制的避孕套逐漸投入實用。19世紀後半葉，隨著硫化橡膠製造工藝的改進，乳膠避孕套達到了批量生產。可是，它們的推廣使用卻受到了來自各種宗教和政治團體的阻擾，因為宗教和政治團體認為防止懷孕和預防疾病會強化性自由，並推測由此進而導致“道德敗壞”。20世紀早期，發展出無縫避孕套，而且分別在藥店和理髮店都有出售。但是其品質和效果仍無起色。
現今，由於官方品質管制的原因，在許多國家都容易得到安全而有效的避孕套，常常從自動售套機就容易獲得。避孕套不僅用於避孕，而且再一次像義大利解剖學家Fallopio那個時代一樣，主要用於預防性傳播疾病的感染，包括預防愛滋病（這樣的用途，避孕套就被人稱為安全套——譯者注）。當然，就為了這個理由，現在許多政府積極促進使用安全套，例如利用大眾傳媒號召大家關注安全套。 |
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德國衛生健康部門支持這個廣告，以鼓勵使用安全套。圖片底部的文字翻譯下來是：不要給愛滋病以可乘之機！用安全套做愛！
The German ministry of health supported this ad encouraging condom use. The text at the bottom reads in English translation: Don't give AIDS a chance! Do it with (a condom)!
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Contraception |
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A
Complex Issue
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Historical
Notes: The Condom |
The invention of the condom is often credited to the Italian anatomist
Gabriele Fallopio who also discovered the oviducts named after him (Fallopian tubes). However, the device described in his posthumous book on "The French Disease" (Syphilis) consisted of a small linen sheath covering only the glans of the penis, and it was meant to prevent infection. There also have been reports of condom-like devices used in ancient times, but such claims stand on rather shaky ground.
Some writers have credited the invention to a legendary 17thcentury English physician
Dr. Condom, Condum or Conton, but no such person has ever been documented. In the 18th century, linen condoms had a limited distribution, and, over time, condoms made from sheep gut became available. With the improving manufacture of vulcanized rubber in the second half of the 19th century, latex condoms began to reach a mass market. However, their distribution was hindered by objections from various religious and political quarters, because preventing pregnancies and infections increased sexual freedom and thus supposedly furthered "immorality". Seamless condoms were developed in the early 20th century and sold discretely in drug stores and barber shops. However, their quality and thus their effectiveness remained poor.
Today, thanks to official quality control, safe and efficient condoms are easily available in many countries, often from vending machines. They are used not only for contraception, but once again, just as in Fallopio's time, mainly for the prevention of infection with sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS. Indeed, for this reason many governments now actively promote the use of condoms, using the mass media to call attention to them. |
