Possible Complications

分娩

分娩與助產

可能的併發症
分娩是女性身體的正常機能。一般說來，與分娩相關的危險和併發症則是從前的事情。通常，危險和併發症不僅因分娩本身所引起，而且緣於分娩中簡陋和不衛生的環境。現代女性在整個妊娠期間會得到醫生的指導，而且分娩時有專家的協助，她們沒有理由懼怕出現嚴重的症狀。因為可能出現的難題現在已經能夠快速而有效地得到處理。

外陰側切術（episiotomy）: 常常胎兒頭部露出來時，會有撕裂陰道口的危險。對於這種情況，醫生會對外陰做側切（episiotomy），以防止外陰撕裂。切口很容易縫合並且不久便會癒合。

臀先露（Breech presentation）: 當胎兒的足和臀部先暴露時（而不是通常那樣的頭部先暴露），就可能發生另外的問題，醫學上稱為臀先露。臀先露可能會延長產程和對胎兒有些許危險。

淋病預防（Gonorrhea prophylaxis）: 對於寶寶可能的危險是眼睛淋菌感染。為了預防這種感染，每一個新生兒的雙眼都要用硝酸銀溶液滴眼。

剖腹產（Caesarain section）: 在一些罕見的病例裏，由於各種各樣的原因，不能正常分娩，就需要進行剖腹生產了。這就意味著醫生要在胎兒娩出到陰道之前，需要切開腹壁和子宮，取出胎兒。剖腹產在英文裏叫“愷撒切割（Caesarain section）”，引自朱利斯•愷撒的傳說，因為他是以這種方式誕生的。

Birth

Labor and Delivery

Possible Complications
Giving birth is a normal function of the female body. Most dangers and complications popularly associated with childbirth belong to the past. Usually they were caused not by the delivery itself, but by the primitive and unsanitary circumstances under which it took place. A modern woman who has been consulting her doctor throughout the pregnancy and who gives birth with expert assistance has no reason to fear serious problems. Possible difficulties can now be handled quickly and effectively.

Need for episiotomy: Very often the pressure of the appearing fetus threatens to tear the vaginal opening. In these cases, the doctor makes a small incision (an episiotomy) to prevent such a tear. The incision is easily repaired with some stitches and heals within a short time.

Breech presentation: Another problem may arise when the baby's feet or buttocks appear first (instead of the head as in most cases). This so called breech presentation may prolong the process of delivery and can be somewhat risky to the baby.

Gonorrhea prophylaxis: A possible risk for all babies is an eye infection with gonorrhea. In order to prevent such infections, the eyes of each newborn infant are treated with a solution of silver nitrate.

Caesarain section: In some rare cases, a normal delivery may be impossible for one reason or another, and a Caesarean section may become necessary. This means that the doctor cuts through the abdomen into the uterus to remove the baby before it passes through the vagina. The term "Caesarean section" refers to the legend that Julius Caesar was born in this fashion.

[Course 2] [Description] [How to use it] [Introduction] [Conception] [Pregnancy] [Birth] [Historical Notes] [Modern Childbirth] [Labor and Delivery] [After Delivery] [Lactation] [Sexual Intercourse] [Infertility] [Contraception] [Abortion] [Additional Reading] [Examination]