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绪论 - 什么是性行为? |
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性行为当前的含义 1:
性别角色行为 |
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一览表:
性别 |
性别
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用性别(gender)来定义一个人的女性特征或男性特征。性别由一个人确切的性心理品质要素所决定。而一个人的性心理品质要素是作为一个生物性别（sex）和否认作为另一个生物性别在被养育过程中所形成的。
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人们在性的层级上是男性或女性，就在心理上符合他们/她们的性别。大多数个体明确地符合与他们身体性征相一致的性别。
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但是，少数人部分地认定与自己身体性征相矛盾的性别(易装癖)，甚至有更少的人完全地认定与自己身体性征不一致的性别(易性癖)。
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当然，正如文化历史学家所了解的那样，性别角色的内涵可能会在国家之间或一个世纪之间差别相当地大。因而，在过去人们已经具有的女性气质和男性气概的概念可能完全不同于我们自己的概念。甚至于在现在，女性气质和男性气概的概念在世界的各个地方差异也很大，“生物性别(sex)”[1]是一个生物范畴的事物，而“性别(gender)”则主要由文化来决定。虽然女性气质和男性气概确实具有某些生物基础，但是它们确切的含意和表达的方式随着时间的推移能够发生改变，并且已经发生了改变。但是，不管它们在一个特定的社会里如何被定义的，它们都在极大的程度上决定着人类所有的性的相互作用关系(sexual
interaction)。
[1].
参见彭晓辉译.性健康促进行动方案：区域磋商会议既要.-概念框架.吴敏伦审校.赫西菲尔德性学资料库：http://www.sexarchive.info/CH/PSHC/PSH-CH/02cf.html
（2008-12-21）
；另参见：彭晓辉.
对“Sex”和“Sexuality”的讨论及其定义的中文翻译.
见：阮芳赋总编.潘绥铭主编.
中国“性”研究的起点与使命.
台湾高雄：万有出版社，2005。 |
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Introduction - What is sexual behavior? |
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Current Meanings of the Term 1: Gender Role Behavior
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Summary Table: Gender
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Gender
- Gender is defined as a person's
femininity or
masculinity. It is determined on the basis of certain psychological qualities that are nurtured in one sex and discouraged in the other.
- People are feminine or masculine to the degree in which they conform to their genders.
Most individuals clearly conform to the gender appropriate to their physical sex.
- However, a minority partially assume a gender that contradicts their physical sex (transvestism), and for an even smaller minority such an inversion is complete (transsexualism).
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Of course, as cultural historians know, the content of gender roles may vary considerably from one country and century to another. Thus, in the past, people may have had concepts of femininity and masculinity quite unlike our own. Even today, these concepts may vary in different parts of the world. In other words,
“sex” is a biological category, but “gender” is mostly culturally determined. While femininity and masculinity do have some biological basis, their exact meaning and expression can change and has changed over time. However, no matter how they happen to be defined in a particular society, they determine all human sexual interaction to a very great extent.
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