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概述-历史记载
Introduction
- Historical Notes
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对梅毒大爆发的反应
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Girolamo Fracastoro
(1478-1553)
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在中世纪末和近代初年，梅毒从意大利和法国迅疾传遍了欧洲各国。“梅毒”由意大利学者Girolamo Fracastoro
(1530)按照一首拉丁诗的标题命名。这首冗长的神话诗提到了一个叫西菲勒斯（Syphilus）的牧羊人，他冒犯了太阳神而且受到了太阳神用这种疾病的惩罚。这位意大利学者也称梅毒为“法国病”（拉丁语：morbus Gallicus，高卢人病）。在随后的世纪里，这个术语就被广泛采用。当然，法国人就称它为意大利病（荷兰人称它为西班牙病，俄国人称之为波兰病，土尔其人称其为基督徒病，日本人则又称梅毒为葡萄牙病）。无论如何，梅毒的可怕传播不久便咒熄了中世纪的放荡形骸。原来流行的公共澡堂纷纷被关闭，人们逐渐变成了循规蹈矩的正人君子。
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Reaction to the Outbreak
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At the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of the Modern Age, syphilis spread from Italy and France to every European country in a surprisingly speedy fashion.
"Syphilis" was originally the title of a Latin poem by the Italian scholar Girolamo Fracastoro (1530). This long mythological poem mentions a shepherd named Syphilus who offended the sun god and was punished by him with this disease. The author also calls it the “French disease” (morbus Gallicus), a term widely adopted in the following centuries. The French, of course, called it the Italian disease (the Dutch called it Spanish, the Russians Polish, the Turks called it Christian, and the Japanese called it the Portuguese disease).
In any case, the frightening spread of syphilis soon spelled the end of medieval sexual lassitude. The formerly popular public bath houses were closed, and people became increasingly prudish. |
