被禁止的性行為與性暴力

性暴力: 性器官毀損: 起源 2

西格蒙德·佛洛德和另一些心理分析學家就故意的性器官毀損的深刻含義作過猜測。 不管做怎樣的猜測，他們都把性器官毀損看作性別壓迫的標誌。我們至少可以說，陰蒂切除、陰戶部分切除和陰戶切除主要持續存在於人民貧窮和未受教育的地區以及婦女社會地位低下的地區。她們在嚴厲的父權社會結構的（陰影）中過著生活：處女就等同于“純潔”，正行經的婦女是“不乾淨的”，而且父母之命、媒妁之言的婚姻普遍存在[1]。男性支配著宗教、政治和法律系統。他們在家裏制定行事的規則並繼承家庭的財產。在這些社會環境之下，女孩被教養到相信她們必須通過某種性器官的毀損才是“純潔的”，不然她們就沒有任何機會出嫁。但是，婚姻是她們獲得社會承認和經濟保障的唯一途徑。出於這種原因，婦女常常是這種習俗的最強硬的擁護者。與其成為社會棄民，倒不如忍受疼痛和遭受傷害。

埃及人的叉鈴

這只叉鈴是一種古埃及的宗教樂器，當搖動該樂器的時候，會發出叮噹或清脆的聲音。性符號的研究學者常常注意到，在該樂器最為普通的樣式裏，它也會讓人聯想到被切割過的陰戶。左：古埃及手握叉鈴的婦女繪畫；中：叉鈴的圖片；右：行“法老割禮”的陰戶，即施行過陰戶切除的陰戶。

Egyptian sistrum
The sistrum was a sacred ancient Egyptian musical instrument, designed to produce a tinkling or rattling sound when shaken. Students of sexual symbolism have often noted that, in its most common form, the sistrum is reminiscent of an infibulated vulva. Left: Ancient Egyptian painting of a woman holding a sistrum. Middle: Picture of the instrument. Right: Vulva after a ”pharaonic circumcision“, i.e. an infibulation. 

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence: Mutilation of Female Sex Organs: Origin 2

Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts have speculated about the deeper meaning of deliberate sexual mutilations. In one way or another, they saw in them marks of sexual oppression. At any rate, today, the practices of clitoridectomy, excision, and infibulation continue mostly in regions where people are poor and illiterate and where women have a low social status. They lead their entire lives within rigid patriarchal structures: Virginity is equated with “purity”, menstruating women are “unclean”, and arranged or forced marriages are common. Males dominate the religious, political, and legal systems. They set the rules at home and inherit the family’s possessions. Under these conditions, girls are brought up to believe that they must be “purified” by means of some sexual mutilation, or they will have no chance to be married. Marriage, however, is their only way of finding social recognition and economic security. For this reason, women are often the strongest defenders of the practice. Suffering pain and injury seems preferable to becoming social outcasts.