被禁止的性行為與性暴力

成人與兒童的性接觸: 兒童賣淫 2

兒童賣淫問題與另一個問題——販賣兒童相聯繫，即兒童人口走私，為了剝削的目的把兒童從一地運到另一地。當父母允許一些“代理人”把孩子帶到遙遠的地方時，父母與孩子自己通常沒有意識到把孩子窩藏究竟意味著什麼。他們希望得到定期的雇用，但是不久就發現自己處於肆無忌憚的犯罪分子的掌控之下。大多數這種剝削屬於經濟方面的交易——孩子只是作為廉價勞力或所得報酬過低或不拿報酬的傭人。但是，也存在全國性和國際性的以性為目的的販賣——孩子被強制賣淫，為他們的“雇主”掙錢。聯合國估計，世界範圍內每年約有1億未成年人成為這些行業的受害者。

近數十年來，由於增長中的旅遊業-其中包括一定數量的“性觀光旅遊（sex tourism）”，販賣兒童問題已經越來越嚴重。要確定有多少兒童在這項“買賣”中被剝削是困難的。雖然國際機構通常把兒童定義為“任何低於18周歲的個體”，許多國家的刑法則使用狹義得多的定義。此外，正如前述所指出的那樣，許多國家定義“允諾年齡”也不同，這樣一來，問題可能混亂不堪。最後要說明一點的是，並不總是很清楚“未成年人”這個術語的正確含義究竟是什麼。不過，不存在任何問題的是，在許多案例裏，涉及到十分年輕的青少年、甚至青春期之前的女孩和男孩。

一些國家的兒童賣淫統計（單位：千）

按照聯合國兒童基金會的估計，世界範圍內大量的兒童被性剝削。本圖表顯示6個國家的兒童賣淫者的數量。估計巴西的數量在50萬到200萬之間。此處顯示的是平均數。資料來源：聯合國兒童基金會（UNICEF）。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Adult Sexual Contact with Children: Child Prostitution 2

The problem of child prostitution is connected with another problem – that of child trafficking, i.e. the illicit trading of children, moving them from one place to another for the purpose of exploitation. The parents and the children themselves are usually unaware of what is in store for them when they allow certain “agents” to take them to far-away places. They hope to find regular employment, but soon discover that they are in the hands of unscrupulous criminals. Most of this exploitation is of an economic kind – the children are simply used as cheap labor or as underpaid or unpaid domestics. However, there is also national and international trafficking for sexual purposes – the children are forced into prostitution in order to make money for their “employers”. UNICEF has estimated that, world-wide, every year ca. 1 million minors fall victim to these practices.
In recent decades, the problem has become aggravated by the growing tourism industry which includes a certain amount of “sex tourism”. It is difficult to determine how many children are exploited in this “business”. Estimates vary with the varying definitions of “child”. While international organizations usually mean “any individual below the age of 18”, many national criminal codes use much narrower definitions. Moreover, as pointed out earlier, they also define different “ages of consent”, and this can muddle the issue. Finally, it is not always clear what exactly is meant by the term “minor”. However, there is no question that in many cases very young adolescents and even girls and boys before puberty are involved.