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不孕/不育 |
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抗不孕/不育的方法
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人工授精 (AI)
“人工授精”是一個綜合術語，它指用醫學手段在女子排卵期將精子注射進女子的生殖系統。依據各自原因不同，精子可能靠近子宮頸注射，可能注射到子宮腔或注射到輸卵管。
通過手淫獲得的精子通常來自于女子的丈夫或固定的性伴
(同族授精，homologue insemination)。但是，如果證明丈夫或女子固定的性伴不育，在使用匿名捐精者的精子(“異族授精或供精者授精”“heterologue insemination”
或 “donor insemination”)。捐精者由內科醫生挑選，並且只有醫生知道其身份。在選擇捐精者的過程中，醫生通常設法挑選身體特徵與女子丈夫或固定性伴相似的那些人，並且他們的病史表明他們體格健康（通常指無遺傳性疾病和精神病——譯者注）。可是，也有一些單身女子或維持女性性關係的女子，她們也想成為母親，因而想利用人工授精技術。這些女子常常特別在乎匿名捐精者的體格品質。
最常用的人工授精採取子宮內精子注射，它迅速而簡單。醫生通過子宮頸插入細針管，把精子注射到那裏。這種方法叫“子宮內授精”(intrauterine insemination
，IUI)，能讓精子繞過了子宮頸黏液栓，甚至由此而克服了精子數量過少和/或精子運動不足的缺陷，使得精子有機會實現受精。 |
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Infertility |
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Methods of Overcoming Infertility
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Artificial Insemination
(AI)
"Artificial insemination" is a general term. It refers to the medical procedure of injecting sperm into the female reproductive system during a woman's fertile days. Depending on the case, this could be close to the cervix, in the cervix, in the uterus, or in the Fallopian tubes.
The semen, which is obtained by masturbation, is usually that of the woman's husband or steady partner (homologue insemination). However, if he should prove to be sterile the semen of an anonymous donor can be used ("heterologue insemination" or
"donor insemination"). Such a sperm donor is selected by the physician and known only to him. In selecting the donor, the physician normally tries to find a man whose physical characteristics resemble those of the husband or partner, and whose medical history indicates good general health. However, there are also single women or women with female partners who want to become mothers and therefore take advantage of artificial insemination. They often specify the desired physical qualities of the anonymous donor.
The most common procedure consists of injecting the sperm into the uterus. It is quick and uncomplicated. The doctor inserts a fine tube through the cervix into the uterus and there deposits the sperm. This
"intrauterine insemination" (IUI) allows the sperm to bypass the barrier of cervical mucus, and thus even an ejaculate with a low sperm count and/or insufficient sperm motility has a chance to effect fertilization. |
