变异的性行为

性少数: 7. 易性癖者

历史记载 2

数个世纪以来，欧洲和美国的偏离传统性别角色者遭受过所有形式的社会歧视。最终，性学研究和改进的外科技术从总体上扭转了整个的歧视局面。人们开始区别对待性别问题了，而且提出各种解决之道。

马格拉斯·赫希菲尔德撰造了术语“易装癖(transvestism)”和“易性癖(transsexualism)”，并于1920至1930年代早期是第一批性别指派（sex reassignment ）外科手术尝试中的顾问，不过，直到20世纪中叶，公众才逐渐意识到易性癖的现象。

1951年，一位名叫乔治·威廉的美国年轻士兵去了丹麦，而且一年后返回美国时成了有魅力的女人：克里斯婷·乔治森（Christine Jorgensen）。尽管他不是第一个经历一系列“变性（sex change）”者，但是他给我们呈现了一个生动而成功的性别指派手术案例。追寻她的案例所进行的世界范围的报道效果，使乔治森能够成为一名艺人。不过，最重要的是，随着她成为她这种案例的代言人，随着她成为公众持续的关注焦点，她的确极大地增强了公众对易性癖的认识，并通过这种方式，（在演艺界）取得了相当大的成功。

最近数十年里，激素疗法和外科技术已经得以改善和优化，以至于许许多多的易性癖者已经能够从男转变成女，反之亦然。此外，许多国家已经使它们的民法适应了现代的需要，并且现在准许个人档案（出生证、身份证和护照等等）做必要的改变。但是，这些改变决不会就解决了所有的问题，因而，对于易性癖者来说，需要组织起有所依靠的组织，需要不断地教育社会大众，而且需要为进一步的法律改革游说立法者。

克里斯婷·乔治森(1926 –1989) 曾经是成为国际名人的第一个易性癖者。
左：报纸头条。右：她舞台演出的报纸广告。

Christine Jorgensen (1926 –1989) was the first transsexual to become an international celebrity.
Left: Newspaper headline. Right: Newspaper ad for her stage show.

Variations in Sexual Behavior

Sexual Minorities: 7. Transsexuals

Historical Notes 2

For centuries, Europeans and Americans who deviated from the traditional gender roles suffered all kinds of discrimination. Finally, sexological research and improved surgical techniques reframed the entire issue. One began to distinguish between different gender problems and to offer different solutions.
Magnus Hirschfeld who had coined the terms “transvestism” and “transsexualism”, acted as an advisor in the first attempts at sex reassignment surgery in the 1920’s and early 1930’s. However, it was not until the mid-20th century that the general public became aware of the phenomenon.
In 1951, a young American soldier by the name of George William Jorgensen went to Denmark and returned one year later as attractive woman: Christine Jorgensen. While he was not the first to undergo a series of “sex change” operations, he presented a dramatic and successful example. The world-wide publicity following her case enabled Jorgensen to to pursue a career as an entertainer. Most immortally, however, by becoming a spokesperson for her cause and remaining in the limelight, she did much to raise the public consciousness about transsexualism, and in this she succeeded to a considerable extent.
In recent decades, hormonal treatments and surgical techniques have been improved and refined, so that a great many transsexuals have been able to make a transition from male to female or vice versa. Moreover, many countries have modernized their civil laws and now allow the necessary changes in personal documents (birth certificates, ID cards, passports etc.) However, by no means all problems have been solved, and thus it is still necessary for transsexuals to form support groups, to continue educating the public, and to lobby legislatures for additional reforms.