变异的性行为

性少数: 6. 易装癖者

著名的换穿异性服饰者 2

正如我们一再强调的那样，人们可能会因为各种各样的原因换穿异性服饰，所持续的时间不等。对于一些换穿异性服饰的人来说，这种行为是暂时的，对于另一些人来说，则是一种习惯。在大多数换穿异性服饰的例子里，这些人在其它方面都一如普通的公民，只想过一种普通人的生活。但是，也有一些因换穿异性服饰而闻名的历史人物。例如，戴恩骑士（Chevalier d’Eon）的案例使19世纪的心理学家如此地着迷，以至于他们使用术语“异性装扮癖（eonism）”[1]来描述这个案例，后来这种行为逐渐被称为“易装癖（transvestism）”。不过，他换成女性装束的动机不清楚。至少，他早期的动机也许只是换穿异性服饰，以此作为间谍的一项秘密使命，但是，他也可能早就是一个当时在概念上尚闻所未闻的易性癖者，而且当时限于技术条件，性别矫正手术尚不可能。法国女作家乔治·桑（George Sand，1804-1876 ）非常具有女性气质，曾经是好几个著名男人的情人，在她的事业刚开始的时候，她就只换穿异性服饰，以表达自由思想和反叛精神。瑞克里芙·霍尔（Radclyffe Hall，1880-1943）被女人所性吸引，她生活在同性恋配偶应该采取一个男性气概性伴（“平头拉拉，butch”）与一个女性气质的性伴（“柔情拉拉，femme”）才能配对的年代。对于她来讲，这种“平头拉拉”的角色更为惬意。

切换性别角色
(从左自右) 戴恩·德·博蒙特骑士(1728-1810)，法国外交官，曾是著名的剑术师。他在生理上是男性，但是，他一会儿是男装束(左图)一会儿又是女装束(第二幅图)。他以两个性角色展现自我保护能力。乔治·桑(1804-1876)，生于Amantine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin de Francueil，起了一个男性的笔名，曾一度也以穿着男性服装和抽雪茄来表达对同时代人的反叛。瑞克里芙·霍尔(1880 -1943)，英国富有影响力的同性恋小说《孤寂深渊》(The Well of Loneliness)的作者，养成了男性气质的外貌。

Switching gender roles
(From the left) The Chevalier d’Eon de Beaumont (1728-1810), a French diplomat, was a renowned swordfighter. Physically male, he lived sometimes as a man (left), at other times as a woman (right). He displayed his fencing prowess in both gender roles. George Sand (1804-1876), born Amantine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin de Francueil, adopted a male name as a writer, and, for a while, also scandalized her contemporaries by dressing in male clothing and smoking cigars. Radclyffe Hall (1880 -1943), the British author of the influential lesbian novel ”The Well of Loneliness”, cultivated a masculine appearance.

[1].Eonism——系心理学术语。——译者注。

Variations in Sexual Behavior

Sexual Minorities: 6. Transvestites

Famous Cross-dressers 2

As repeatedly emphasized, people may cross-dress for a variety of reasons and for different lengths of time. For some, the behavior is episodic, for others habitual. In most cases, these individuals are otherwise ordinary citizens trying to lead ordinary lives. However, there are also some famous historical personalities known for their cross-dressing. For example, the case of the Chevalier d’Eon so fascinated 19th-century psychologists that they used the term “eonism” for what later came to be called “transvestism”. However, his motive for trying to pass as a woman is unknown. At least in his earlier years, he may have cross-dressed simply as a disguise on one of his secret spying missions, but he may also have been a transsexual at a time when this concept was still unknown and sex reassignment surgery was not yet possible. The very feminine French writer George Sand, the lover of several famous men, cross-dressed only at the beginning of her career as an expression of her free, rebellious spirit. Radclyffe Hall, who was sexually attracted to women, lived at a time when a lesbian couple was supposed to consist of one masculine (“butch”) and one feminine partner (“femme”). For her, the “butch” role was more congenial.