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不孕/不育
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男性不育
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男性不育最常见的病因是精子计数量低，精子畸形和/或精子运动能力不足
The most common causes of male infertility are a low sperm count, deformed sperm cells, and/or insufficient sperm motility.
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设法为夫妇找到不孕/不育原因的内科医生通常会首先检查男方。这不仅因为男性的生殖系统较简单，而且因为确实在男性发现症结的根源太常见了。男性不育当然可能由于某些先天的缺陷所导致。可是，也可能是后天获得的结果。一些疾病，诸如成年期发生腮腺炎或罹患淋病，可能导致不育。男性不育或生育力低下（subfertility）的另一个病因可能是精子量计数过低。这样的病例中，该男子能够产生活精子，但是其数量（小于2千万/毫升精液）不足以达到成功怀孕的程度。虽然让卵子受精只要一个精子，通常一次射精必须至少射出1亿个精子，为的是让这一个细胞获得与之有关的几率到达目的地。还有一些病例，游离的精子数量倒是足够，但是它们发育欠缺或运动的能力不足。可是，最通常的情形是，精子计数量少、精子畸形和它们运动能力不足都同时存在。显然，这种病症在根本上并不必定会影响男子的性欲或性能力。它只是不能导致女子怀孕而已。换一句话说，这样的男人不是“性无能”而是不能生育。
可是，也有一些男子因为“性无能”而不能生育。尽管这些男子有正常的精子，由于他们不能勃起或不能维持勃起，防碍了他们完成性交，从而不能导致女方怀孕。对于这种病例，特别建议采用人工授精技术。 |
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Infertility
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Infertility in Men
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A physician who tries to discover the reason for a couple's infertility will usually first examine the man. Not only is the male reproductive system simpler, but quite often the root of the problem can indeed be found in the male. A man's infertility may, of course, result from certain congenital defects, however, it may also be acquired. Certain diseases, for example, such as mumps in adulthood or gonorrhea, can produce sterility. Another cause of infertility or subfertility (insufficient or low fertility) may be a low sperm count. In this case, the man does produce live sperm, but in quantities insufficient for a successful impregnation (less than 20 million sperm cells per milliliter). While it is true that only one sperm cell is needed to fertilize the female egg, usually at least 100 million of them have to be ejaculated at one time in order to give this one cell a statistical chance to reach its destination, In some cases, the sheer number of sperm cells is sufficient, but their proper development or their ability to move is impaired. Most often, however, a low sperm count, sperm deformities, and lack of movement are found to occur together. Obviously, this condition does not have to affect a man's sexual desire or performance at all. He is just unable to cause pregnancy in a fertile woman. In other words, such a man is not "impotent," but infertile.
However, there are also some men who are infertile because they are "impotent." They cannot cause pregnancy in spite of their normal sperm production because their inability to have or hold an erection prevents them from even performing coitus. These cases particularly recommend themselves to treatment by artificial insemination. |
