變異的性行為

性少數: 6. 易裝癖者

著名的換穿異性服飾者 2

正如我們一再強調的那樣，人們可能會因為各種各樣的原因換穿異性服飾，所持續的時間不等。對於一些換穿異性服飾的人來說，這種行為是暫時的，對於另一些人來說，則是一種習慣。在大多數換穿異性服飾的例子裏，這些人在其它方面都一如普通的公民，只想過一種普通人的生活。但是，也有一些因換穿異性服飾而聞名的歷史人物。例如，戴恩騎士（Chevalier d’Eon）的案例使19世紀的心理學家如此地著迷，以至於他們使用術語“異性裝扮癖（eonism）”[1]來描述這個案例，後來這種行為逐漸被稱為“易裝癖（transvestism）”。不過，他換成女性裝束的動機不清楚。至少，他早期的動機也許只是換穿異性服飾，以此作為間諜的一項秘密使命，但是，他也可能早就是一個當時在概念上尚聞所未聞的易性癖者，而且當時限於技術條件，性別矯正手術尚不可能。法國女作家喬治·桑（George Sand，1804-1876 ）非常具有女性氣質，曾經是好幾個著名男人的情人，在她的事業剛開始的時候，她就只換穿異性服飾，以表達自由思想和反叛精神。瑞克裏芙·霍爾（Radclyffe Hall，1880-1943）被女人所性吸引，她生活在同性戀配偶應該採取一個男性氣概性伴（“平頭拉拉，butch”）與一個女性氣質的性伴（“柔情拉拉，femme”）才能配對的年代。對於她來講，這種“平頭拉拉”的角色更為愜意。

轉換性別角色

（從左自右） 戴恩·德·博蒙特騎士（1728-1810），法國外交官，曾是著名的劍術師。他在生理上是男性，但是，他一會兒是男装束（左圖）一會兒又是女装束（第二幅圖）。他以兩個性別角色展現自我防護能力。喬治·桑 (1804-1876)生於Amantine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin de Francueil，起了一個男性的筆名，曾一度也以穿著男性服裝和抽雪茄來表達對同時代人的反叛。瑞克裏芙·霍爾(1880 -1943)，英國富有影響力的同性戀小說《孤寂深淵》（The Well of Loneliness）的作者，養成了男性氣質的外貌。

Switching gender roles
(From the left) The Chevalier d’Eon de Beaumont (1728-1810), a French diplomat, was a renowned swordfighter. Physically male, he lived sometimes as a man (left), at other times as a woman (right). He displayed his fencing prowess in both gender roles. George Sand (1804-1876), born Amantine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin de Francueil, adopted a male name as a writer, and, for a while, also scandalized her contemporaries by dressing in male clothing and smoking cigars. Radclyffe Hall (1880 -1943), the British author of the influential lesbian novel ”The Well of Loneliness”, cultivated a masculine appearance.

[1]. Eonism——系心理學術語。——譯者注。

Variations in Sexual Behavior

Sexual Minorities: 6. Transvestites

Famous Cross-dressers 2

As repeatedly emphasized, people may cross-dress for a variety of reasons and for different lengths of time. For some, the behavior is episodic, for others habitual. In most cases, these individuals are otherwise ordinary citizens trying to lead ordinary lives. However, there are also some famous historical personalities known for their cross-dressing. For example, the case of the Chevalier d’Eon so fascinated 19th-century psychologists that they used the term “eonism” for what later came to be called “transvestism”. However, his motive for trying to pass as a woman is unknown. At least in his earlier years, he may have cross-dressed simply as a disguise on one of his secret spying missions, but he may also have been a transsexual at a time when this concept was still unknown and sex reassignment surgery was not yet possible. The very feminine French writer George Sand, the lover of several famous men, cross-dressed only at the beginning of her career as an expression of her free, rebellious spirit. Radclyffe Hall, who was sexually attracted to women, lived at a time when a lesbian couple was supposed to consist of one masculine (“butch”) and one feminine partner (“femme”). For her, the “butch” role was more congenial.