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概述-歷史記載
Introduction
- Historical Notes |
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廣泛流行的愛滋病-世界範圍的愛滋病1 |
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象梅毒一樣，愛滋病的起源至今仍不清楚。1981年，這種新流行病的第一批病人在美國的東西海岸同時出現。他們都是男同性戀者。起初三藩市和紐約同性戀團體(S. F. AIDS
Foundation和
Gay Men’s Health Crisis, GMHC)按照這些病人的情況制定了預防策略。然而，當這種傳染病傳播的時候，醫學研究加強了，而且開始產生效應：1982年，現今被廣泛接受的科學名稱就是那時被提出的，既：獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome，簡稱AIDS)
。1983年，病原體病毒被發現 (Human Immunodeficiency
Virus，簡稱 HIV)。1985年，第一個HIV抗體實驗被啟用，而且在美國喬治亞州的亞特蘭大召開了第一次愛滋病國際會議。 最後，在1986年，針對許多人的驚慌失措，美國外科醫生埃弗雷特·庫普制定了一個預防策略，後來該策略由一些美國同性戀外科醫生所改進，進而被美國疾病控制中心(CDC)所批准。庫普給每一個美國家庭分送了一個小冊子，詳細解說了愛滋病知識和提出了預防措施的建議，諸如：規模化的性教育和使用安全套等等。經過研究，歐洲各國借鑒了美國的經驗，決定遵循同樣的健康干預政策，從而使整個西方工業化國家在預防愛滋病方面能夠達到相同的控制標準。
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The AIDS Pandemic - AIDS World-wide I |
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The origin of AIDS, like that of syphilis, remains unclear to this day. The first patients of the new epidemic appeared in 1981 on the West and East coasts of the USA. They were all gay men, and initially it was left to the gay communities of San Francisco (S. F. AIDS Foundation) and New York (Gay Men’s Health Crisis, GMHC) to develop prevention strategies. However, as the infection spread, medical research intensified and began to produce results: In 1982, the now accepted scientific name for the disease was proposed – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In 1983, the virus causing it was found (Human Immunodeficiency Virus: HIV). In 1985 the first test for HIV antibodies was introduced, and the first international AIDS conference was organized in Atlanta, GA.
Finally, in 1986, the US Surgeon General, Dr. C. Everett Koop, to the consternation of many, adopted the strategy developed by American gay physicians and endorsed by his country’s Centers for Disease Control (CDC). He sent a brochure to every American household explaining the disease and proposing preventive measures such as general sex education and the use of condoms. Studying the American experience, the European countries decided to follow the same health policies, and thus, on the whole, the Western industrialized countries were able to achieve some measure of control over the disease. |
