Course 2
Signs
Presumptive Signs
Probable Signs
Reliable Signs
Pregnancy Test
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
妊娠

孕婦妊娠徵象       

妊娠假定徵象
胎盤是適應胚胎植入而發育起來的結構,它會產生一些激素,叫絨毛膜促性腺激素。該激素作用於卵巢,刺激它們持續產生雌激素和孕激素。其結果是不再有卵子釋放和不再有月經發生,自此以後,在妊娠期間子宮內膜不是蛻變而是仍保持在其原來的位置。鑒於此,已經發生性交的婦女,一旦未出現規則的月經通常就猜疑自己已經妊娠。可是,既然月經剛剛可能因為這樣或那樣的原因而延期(有時延期相當的長),這種孤立的跡象不具有結論性。如果她也有乳房增大、乳暈顏色變深、噁心(晨起作嘔)和尿頻,其懷孕的可能性會增大。儘管如此,所有這些跡象並不意味著是懷孕的證據,我們稱其為妊娠假定徵象。
Pregnancy
The Woman During PregnancyThe Signs of Pregnancy
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
The placenta, which develops in response to the implantation of an embryo, produces a certain hormone called chorionic gonadotropin. This hormone acts upon the ovaries, stimulating them to continue the production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. As a result, no new eggs are released and no menstruation occurs since the uterine lining does not deteriorate but remains in its place for the duration of the pregnancy. For this reason, a woman who has had sexual intercourse usually suspects that she has become pregnant as soon as she misses her regular menstrual period. However, this sign alone is not conclusive because the menstruation may just be delayed for one reason or another (sometimes for quite a while). The likelihood of a pregnancy increases if she also experiences an enlargement of her breasts, a darkening of the area around the nipples, nausea (morning sickness), and a more frequent need to urinate. Still, all of these so called presumptive signs of pregnancy do not mean definite proof.
 

[Course 2] [Description] [How to use it] [Introduction] [Conception] [Pregnancy] [Beginning] [Development] [During Pregnancy] [Birth] [Infertility] [Contraception] [Abortion] [Additional Reading] [Examination]