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分娩
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历史记载
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分娩椅。从前，象这种有缺口坐板的椅子广泛地用于欧洲。它能使产妇以坐位分娩。
Delivery chair. In the past, chairs like this with a carved-out seat were used widely in Europe. They allowed women to give birth in a sitting position .
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现今，有许多现代分娩方法，不过目的都总是相同的：把一个无知觉、被动体验的胎儿转变成有知觉的新生儿。男人们要求通过支持自己的女人为孩子的新生贡献一份力量也越来越常见了，而且医院同样鼓励那些准爸爸们在分娩的整个过程中始终出现在现场。男女双方也从许多医生、医院和教育机构获得分娩准备课程培训。所提供的这类父母双方合训的教程常常更加拉近了参与双方的距离；事实上，合训课程可以看作是亲子关系相互依赖的组成部分，它在建立和谐家庭中非常有价值。
当然，正象下面所要讲述的数例历史记载所显示的那样，上述有关父母合训的课程在从前未必会有。包括这种训练课程在内的现代分娩术是一系列医学进步的结果，要达成这种进步确实不太容易。
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Birth
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Historical Notes
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Today, there are many modern methods of childbirth, but the goal is always the same: transforming the birth of a baby from a numbing, passive experience into a conscious achievement. More and more often men also demand to contribute to this achievement by giving support to their women, and hospitals often encourage expectant fathers to remain present throughout the entire process. Childbirth preparation classes for both men and women are offered by many doctors, hospitals, and educational groups. This kind of joint parental instruction often brings the partners much closer together and, in fact, can be seen as a very desirable part of responsible parenthood.
This was not always the case. Indeed, as the few following historical notes will show, modern childbirth is the result of a series of medical advances that were not always easily achieved.
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