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中間性
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中間性性象譜 |
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中間性的原因-
激素因素
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男性性激素失敏性綜合征(Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome,
AIS) |
罹患男性性激素失敏性綜合征的患者有兩條X染色體和象正常男性一樣有一條Y染色體。X染色體和Y染色體都具有重要的功能：Y染色體啟動睾丸的發育，繼而產生男性性激素，也就是說產生刺激機體向男性方向發育的激素。X染色體含有使機體對男性激素作出反應的基因。但是，罹患男性性激素失敏性綜合征患者的身體對男性性激素部分或完全失去敏感性。其結果是他的性器官不會以正常的方式發育。在男性性激素部分失敏性病例(男性性激素部分失敏性綜合征，PAIS)，其可能的性象譜有：性器官可能發育成男性的形態特徵或者在一定程度上發育得含混不清，也就是說其性器官在一定程度上介於男性與女性之間。在男性性激素完全失敏性的極端病例(男性性激素完全失敏性綜合征，CAIS)，其性器官發育成女性的形態特徵。無論如何，在出生之前和在青春期對男性性激素的失敏性會阻礙或損害男性的身體性徵，並且使身體塑形成女性的特徵。某些研究者已經創用了男性性激素失敏性綜合征分級程度表，從1級(非常輕微的男性性激素部分失敏性綜合征-男性，PAIS -
male)到7級(男性性激素完全失敏性綜合征-女性，CAIS -
female)。這個分級程度表可以用於細化診斷並由此也能夠劃分性別。按照患者在分級程度表中的不同分級程度，或者把他們當作男孩子來撫養，或者把其當作女孩子來撫養。不管怎樣，罹患男性性激素失敏性綜合征者是不能生育的。
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男性性激素失敏性綜合征的性像譜
The AIS Spectrum
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從XY男性過渡到XY女性的過程
Transitional stages from XY male to XY female
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XY男性（不育） /
XY Male
(infertile)
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XY女性/XY Female
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Intersexuality - The Intersexual Spectrum |
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Causes of Intersexuality - Hormones
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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
(AIS) |
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Persons with AIS have both an X- and a Y-chromosome, just like typical males. Both of these chromosomes serve important functions: The Y-chromosome initiates the growth of testicles which, in turn, produce so-called androgens, i.e. hormones that spur the body’s development toward maleness. The X-chromosome contains a gene that allows the body to react to androgens. However,
a person with AIS has some irregularity on the X-chromosome that makes the body partially or completely insensitive to androgens. As a result, the sex organs do not develop in the typical way. In the case of
partial androgen insensitivity (PAIS), there is a spectrum of possible outcomes: The sex organs may turn out to be male or ambiguous in various degrees, i.e. somewhere between male and female. In the extreme case of
complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS), the sex organs take a female form. In any case, the insensitivity to androgens prevents or impairs the physical manifestation of maleness before birth and during puberty and generally gives the body a more female shape. Some researchers have developed an AIS grading scale from 1 (very mild PAIS - male) to 7 (CAIS - female). This scale can be used for a detailed diagnosis and thus also for an assignment of sex. Depending on their position on the scale, babies with AIS may be raised as either males or females. In any event, persons with AIS are infertile. |
