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中間性
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中間性性象譜 |
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中間性的原因
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染色體因素
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現代生物學和醫學研究已經發現了大量的染色體異常症狀。通常，染色體異常背離了常規的女性性染色體XX-組型或男性性染色體XY-組型。通過驗血可以診斷出染色體異常組型。血液被用來進行所稱謂的“染色體分類(karyotyping)”的染色體分析，也就是說對全部顯現的染色體作系統的分組分析。“染色體組型(karyotype)”也就是完整的一套染色體，通過染色後成為可見的顯微圖譜，被稱為“染色體組型圖譜(karyogram)”，這套圖譜會暴露任何不合常規的染色體組合狀況。
這樣的不合常規的染色體組合狀況可能導致各種各樣的中間性。我們最為熟知的中間性是女性中的特納氏綜合征(Turner syndrome)和男性中的克萊裏菲爾特綜合征(Klinefelter syndrome)。以下的內容對這兩類綜合征提供了一些基本的知識。
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三種染色體組型圖譜
Three Karyograms
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自左：1.
正常男性的染色體組型圖譜(一條X染色體，一條Y染色體)；2.患特納氏綜合征的女性染色體組型圖譜(只有一條X染色體)；3.患克萊裏菲爾特綜合征的男性染色體組型圖譜(兩條X染色體，一條Y染色體)
點擊小圖看大圖
From the left: 1. Typical male (one X-, one Y-chromosome) 2. Female with Turner syndrome (only one X-chromosome) 3. Male with Klinefelter syndrome (two X-chromosomes, one Y-chromosome)
For enlargement, click on each
karyogram.
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Intersexuality - The Intersexual Spectrum |
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Causes of Intersexuality - Chromosomes
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Modern research has found a number of atypical chromosomal conditions. As a rule, they concern deviations from the regular female XX- or male XY-combination.
They are diagnosed by means of a blood test. The blood is used for a chromosome analysis called “karyotyping”, i.e. a systematic grouping of all present chromosomes.The “karyotype”, i.e. the complete chromosomal set - stained and visible in a picture called “karyogram” - will reveal any irregularities.
Such irregularities can result in various forms of intersexuality. The best known of these are
Turner syndrome in females and
Klinefelter syndrome in males. The following sections provide some basic information on both. |
