短论文题目:10选6题
Topics
for Short Essays: 6 out of 10
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在以下10个主题中选择6题,并逐一撰写一篇短文。 可用时间为3小时。
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I.
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- 论述为什么性传播疾病不再局限于一国人口的特殊亚人群。
- 论述为什么许多男性不使用安全套的原因。
- 叙述医学对抗性传播疾病的简史。
- 比较16世纪梅毒流行与20世纪艾滋病流行。
- 论述细菌性与病毒性性传播疾病的差别及其对感染者生活的继发影响
- 论述"高危人群"、"危险个体"和"高危行为"的概念。
- 解释性传播疾病的发生率和流行之间的差异。
- 叙述"安全性行为"概念演变的简史。
- 设法解释为什么许多政府以前未能与现在仍然未能采取对抗AIDS的适当措施。
- 解释"安全的性行为"、"可能安全的性行为"和"不安全的性行为"的概念。
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II.
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- 讨论各种性传播疾病的地理分布(the role of travel in changing
it——如何翻译?尚不肯定——译者注)Discuss the geographic distribution of various STDs and the role of travel in changing it.
- 设法解释为什么意大利人把梅毒称为“法国病”,而法国人称它称为“意大利病”。
- 解释为什么AIDS不是也从不是“同性恋病”。
- 列举和描述在分娩前与分娩期间可能从母亲传染给孩子的性传播疾病。
- 讨论性传播疾病的主要预防策略。
- 有关使用安全套谁对其有争议,为什么有争议?
- 描述“安全性行为指南”的原理和各种应用状况。
- 讨论HIV抗体检测的反对与赞成的理由。
- 在性传播疾病的报告中保密为何重要,为什么重要?
- 为什么在性传播疾病的报告中给病人贴上“同性恋”的标签会让人产生误解?
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III.
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- 在预防AIDS与授予妇女权利之间有什么联系?
- 描述AIDS对贫穷的发展中国家可能的经济影响。
- 描述世界主要宗教对使用安全套的的立场。
- 解释为什么在一国的AIDS流行的早期匿名检测和面对面咨询是重要的。
- 解释为什么在贫穷国家廉价的AIDS治疗措施不足以终止AIDS的流行。
- 讨论在对抗性传播疾病中节制性活动的效力。
- 讨论为静脉毒品注射者提供消毒针头的政策。
- 解释“世界艾滋病日”、其起源、意义、目的和在对抗AIDS中的潜在作用。
- 讨论联合国艾滋病联合规划暑的“35项目”。
- 列举和描述至少10个不同的、可能必须对其实行针对性的特殊预防AIDS计划的亚人群。
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Choose 6 out of the 10 topics below and write a short essay on each of the chosen topics. Total available time: 3 hrs.
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I.
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- Discuss the reasons why STDs do not remain restricted to special subgroups of the population.
- Discuss the reasons why many men do not use condoms.
- Write a brief history of the medical fight against the STDs
- Compare the syphilis epidemic of the 16th century with the AIDS pandemic of the 20th century.
- Discuss the difference between bacterial and viral STDs and its consequences for the lives of the infected.
- Discuss the different concepts of “risk groups”, “persons at risk”, and “risky behavior”.
- Explain the difference between the incidence and the prevalence of STDs.
- Write a brief history of “safer sex”.
- Try to explain why many governments failed and still fail to take adequate prevention measures against AIDS.
- Explain the concepts of “safe sex behavior”, “possibly safe sex behavior” and “unsafe sex behavior”.
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II.
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- Discuss the geographic distribution of various STDs and the role of travel in changing it.
- Try to explain why the Italians called syphilis “the French disease” while the French called it “the Italian disease”.
- Explain why AIDS is not and never was a “gay disease”
- List and describe the STDs that can be transmitted from mother to child before and during birth.
- Discuss the main STD prevention strategies.
- What is controversial about the use of condoms to whom and why?
- Describe the principle and various applications of the “safe sex guidelines”.
- Discuss the pros and cons of HIV antibody testing.
- How important is confidentiality in the reporting of STDs and why?
- Why is it misleading to label patients “homosexual” in STD report forms?
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III.
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- What is the connection between AIDS prevention and the empowerment of women?
- Describe the possible economic impact of AIDS on poor developing countries.
- Describe the positions of the leading world religions on condom use.
- Explain why anonymous tests and interviews are important in the early stages of a country’s AIDS epidemic.
- Explain why the availability of cheap AIDS treatments is not enough to stop the epidemic in poor countries.
- Discuss the effectiveness of sexual abstinence programs in the fight against STDS.
- Discuss the policy of providing clean needles to intravenous drug users.
- Explain "World AIDS Day", its origin, meaning, purpose and potential
contribution to the fight against AIDS.
- Discuss the UNAIDS program of "3 by 5".
- List and characterize at least 10 different groups that my have to be targeted in specific AIDS prevention projects.
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