1.迷誤——人類“正常的”性狀態

醫學偽裝下的道德價值觀
正如科學史學家所知曉的那樣，隨著歲月的流轉，醫學治療技術和治療目的已經發生了翻天覆地的變化。然而，性治療師根本的定勢思維始終保持不變：鼓勵和壓抑手淫的方式不過是為了恢復“正常的”性反應，繼而用這種“自然的”性反應來評估病人的健康狀況。這種推論事實上可能導致如此不同甚至矛盾的治療方法，給人們的第一個提示就是它的前提有某些致命的缺陷。這種缺陷值得人們就此懷疑所運用的“正常”的概念的真偽。各類治療師曾經所稱之為“正常的”東西實際上是在醫學偽裝下的道德價值觀。鑒於此，實際上他們並未遵從“自然法則”，而是迷從了他們自己的道德信念。這不可能是其他什麼別的東西，因為迷信于“正常的性狀態”不是和不可能是基於對科學的見識。它從本質上和不可避免地是意識形態方面的東西。

1. The Myth of a "Natural" Human Sexuality

Moral values in medical disguise
As any historian of science knows, therapeutic techniques and therapeutic goals have changed rather drastically in the course of time. Yet, their underlying assumption has always remained the same: Both the encouragement and the suppression of masturbation merely served to restore the "natural" sexual response which, in turn, was essential to the patient's health. The fact that this kind of reasoning can lead to such different and even contradictory therapies gives us a first hint at some serious flaw in its premise. This flaw is the questionable character of the concept of "naturalness" as employed here. What the various therapists called "natural" was actually a moral value in medical disguise. In reality therefore, they did not follow "nature" but, rather, their own moral convictions. It could not have been otherwise, because the belief in a "natural sexuality" is not, and cannot be, based on scientific insight. It is essentially and unavoidably ideological.