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Janssen,
D. F., Growing Up Sexually.
Last revised: Feb 2006
[1] Op.cit.
[2] Kanner, L. (1939) Infantile sexuality: a critical review, J Pediatr 15:583-608; Kern, S. (1973) Freud and the discovery of child sexuality, Hist Childh Quart 1:117-41; Sulloway, F. (1979) Freud, Biologist of the Mind: Beyond the Psychoanalytic Legend. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Karmanoila, A., Knecht, C. & Parrat-Dayan, S. (1992/3) Le discours sur la sexualité infantile. Évolution du XIXe siècle à nos jours, Bull Psychol 46(409):121-9; Olsen, O. A. & Koppe, S. (1999) Den infantile seksualitet i historisk belysning [Infantile sexuality: a historical survey], Psyke & Logos 20,2:305-44; Fishman, S. (1982) The history of childhood sexuality, J Contemp Hist 17,2:269-83; Cho, S. (1983) Kindheit und Sexualität im Wandel der Kulturgeschichte: Eine Studie zur Bedeutung der kindlichen Sexualität unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des 17. und 20. Jahrhunderts. Zürich: ADAG Administration & Druck; Money, J. (1990 [1987]) Historical and current concepts of pediatric and ephebiatric sexology, in Perry, M. E. (Ed.) Handbook of Sexology volume VII: Childhood and Adolescent Sexology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p3-21; Yates, A. (1st ed, 1991; 2nd ed, 1996) Childhood sexuality, in Lewis, M. (Ed.) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 1991, p195-7; Bergenheim, A. (1994) Barnet, Libido och Samhället: Om den Svenska Diskursen kring Barns Sexualitet 1930-1960 [The Child, Libido and Society: Swedish Discourse on Childhood Sexuality 1930-1960]. Falun: Scandbook. English Summary; Bullough, V. L. (1994) Science in the Bedroom: A History of Sex Research. New York: Basic Books, p258-65; Foucault, M. (1978) La Volonté de Savoir. Paris: Éditions Gallimard. 1980 transl., The History of Sexuality, Vol.1: An Introduction., p27-30, 37
[3] Higgonet, A. (1998) Pictures of Innocence: The History and Crisis of Ideal Childhood. New York: Thames & Hudson; Kincaid, J. (1992) Child-Loving: The Erotic Child and Victorian Culture. New York: Routledge; Kincaid, J. (1998) Erotic Innocence: The Culture of Child Molesting. London: Duke University Press
[4] Lewinsohn, R. (transl, 1958) History of Sexual Customs. London: Longmans, Green; Ussel, J. van (1968) Geschiedenis van het Seksuele Probleem. Meppel: Boom; Hunt, D. (1970) Parents and Children in History. NY: Basic Books, Inc.; Flandrin, J. (1975) Les Amours Paysannes (XVI-XIXe siècle). Paris: Gallimard/Juilliard, p149-72; Flandrin, J. (1977) Repression and change in the sexual life of young people in medieval and early modern times, J Fam Hist 2,3:196-210; Stone, L. (1977) Family, Sex & Marriage in England 1500-1800. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, p507-12; Jackson, S. (1990) Demons and innocents: Western ideas on children’s sexuality in historical perspective, in Perry, M. E. (Ed.) Handbook of Sexology volume VII: Childhood and Adolescent Sexology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p23-49; Weeks, J (1981) Sex, Politics and Society. Essex: Longman House, p48-52; McLaren, A. (1999) Twentieth-Century Sexuality: A History. Oxford: Blackwell, p23-9
[5] Op.cit.
[6] Mirkin, H. (1999) The pattern of sexual politics: feminism, homosexuality and pedophilia, J Homosex 37,2: 1-24
[7] Bullough, V. L. (2002) Age of Consent: an Overview. Conference of the International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders, "Sexual Violence and Sexual Abuse: From Understanding to Protection and Prevention", 7th Vienna, September 11th – 14th; Bullough, V. L. (2003) An historical overview of the age of consent from the Greeks to the Twenty First Century U.S. SSSS-WR meeting, 2003, San Jose, California, April 10-13; Bullough, V. L. (forthcoming 2005) Age of Consent: A Historical Overview, in Graupner, H. & Bullough, V. L. (Eds.) Adolescence, Sexuality & the Criminal Law. New York: Haworth Press. Published simultaneously as the Journal of Psychology in Human Sexuality, Vol. 16, Nos. 2/3
[8] Take, for instance, Stuart, D. M. (1926) The Boy Through the Ages. London: Harrap
[9] Stewart, A. J., Winter, D. G. & Jones, A. D. (1975) Coding Categories for the Study of Child-Rearing from Historical Sources, J Interdisc Hist 5,4:687-701
[10] Pre-Victorian attitudes in England were covered by Stone (1977:p507-12).
[11] Barker-Benfield, B. (1972) The Spermatic Economy: A Nineteenth Century View of Sexuality, Feminist Studies 1,1:45-74
[12] Op.cit.
[13] Op.cit.
[14] Marcus, S. (1964) The Other Victorians. 1966 edition, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson
[15] Cf. Crozier, I. (2001) Rough winds do shake the darling buds of may. A note on William Acton and the sexuality of the (male) child, Fam Hist 26:411-20
[16] Gorham, D. (1978) The ‘Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon’ reexamined: child prostitution and the idea of childhood in late Victorian England, Victorian Studies 21,3:353-79
[17] Hartman, M. S. (1974) Child abuse and self-abuse: 2 Victorian cases, Hist Childh Quart 2,2:221-48; Jackson, L. A. (2000) Child Sexual Abuse in Victorian England. London: Routledge
[18] Walvin, J. (1982) A Child's World: A Social History of English Childhood 1800-1914. Penguin Books
[19] Spitz, R. (1952) Authority and masturbation: [some remarks on] a bibliographical investigation, Psychoanal Study Child 7:490-527; Psyche 6(1952), 4:1-24; Yearb Psychoanal 9(1953):113-45
[20] Hanawalt, B. A. (1993) Growing Up in Medieval London: New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press
[21] Kern, S. (1973) Freud and the discovery of child sexuality, Hist Childh Quart 1:117-41; Kern, S. (1974) Explosive intimacy: psychodynamics of the Victorian family, Hist Childh Quart 1:437-62; Kern, S. (1975) Anatomy and Destiny: A Cultural History of the Human Body. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Co., p119-24; Kern, S. (1979) Freud und die Entdeckung der Kindlichen Sexualität, Kindheit: Zeitschrift zur Erforschung der Psychischen Entwicklung (September), p215-38
[22] Ryerson, A. J. (1961) Medical advice on child rearing: 1550-1900, Harvard Educ Rev 31:302-23; Wolfenstein, M. (1953) Trends in infant care, Am J Orthopsychia 23:120-30. Reprinted in Brackbill, I. & Thompson, G. G. (1967) Behavior in Infancy and Early Childhood. New York: Free Press; Hardyment, Ch. (1983) Dream Babies: Child Care from Locke to Spock. London: Oxford University Press
[23] Fishman, S. (1982) The history of childhood sexuality, J Contemp Hist 17,2:269-83
[24] Hall, L. A. (1996) Forbidden by God, Despised by Men: Masturbation, Medical Warnings, Moral Panic, and Manhood in Great Britain, 1850-1950, J Hist Sex 2,3:365-87
[25]Maasen, M. (1988) De Pedagogische Eros in het Geding: Gustav Wyneken an de Pedagogische Vriendschap in de Freie Schulgeneinde Wickersdorf tussen 1905 en 1931. Utrecht: Homostudiesreeks
[26] Crowley, J. (1987) Polymorphously perverse? Childhood sexuality in the American boy book, Am Literary Realism (1870-1910) 19,2:2-15
[27] Holthuis, F. (1990) “Sterker dan God was de onanie”: over masturbatie in twee jongensboeken, Parmentier [Dutch] 2,1/2:55-64. See also Rowan, E. L. (1989) Editorial: Masturbation according to the Boy Scout Handbook, J Sex Ed & Ther 15,2:77-81
[28] Nelson, C. B. (1989) Sex and the single boy: ideals of manliness and sexuality in Victorian literature for boys, Victorian Stud 32,4:525-50
[29] Jenkins, H. (1998) The sensuous child: Dr. Benjamin Spock and the sexual revolution, in Jenkins, H. (Ed.) The Children’s Culture Reader. New York: New York University Press, p209-30
[30] Cho, S. (1983) Kindheit und Sexualität im Wandel der Kulturgeschichte: Eine Studie zur Bedeutung der kindlichen Sexualität unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des 17. und 20. Jahrhunderts. Zürich: ADAG Administration & Druck
[31] Bullough, V. L. (1990) History in adult human sexual behaviour with children and adolescents in western societies, in Feierman, J. (Ed.) Pedophilia, Biosocial Dimensions. Springer-Verlag, New York, p69-90; Bullough, V. L. & Bullough, B. (1996) Problems of research into adult/child sexual interaction, Iss Ch Abu Accus 8,2; Brongersma, E. (1987) Jongensliefde: Seks en Erotiek Tussen Jongens en Mannen, vol. 1. SUA, Amsterdam. [Loving boys: A Multidisciplinary Study of Sexual Relations Between Adult and Minor Males, vol.1, 1986]
[32] Killias, M. (1979) Jugend und Sexualstrafrecht. Bern: Paul Haupt; Killias, M. (1990) The historic origins of penal statutes concerning sexual activities involving children and adolescents, J Homosex 20,1/2:41-6; Killias M. (2000) The Emergence of a New Taboo: The Desexualisation of Youth in Western Societies since 1800, Eur J Crim Policy & Res 8,4:459-77. See also Killias, M. (1993) Vom Schutz unreifer Mädchen zur Entsexualisierung der Jugend, in Hess, A. G. & Clement, P. F. (Eds.) History of Juvenile Delinquency. Vol. 2. Aalen: Scientia Verlag, p809-27
[33] Walkowitz, J. R. (1992) City of dreadful delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late-Victorian London. London: Virago
[34] Shultz, L. G. (1982) Child sexual abuse in historical perspective, J Soc Work & Hum Sex 1:21-35; Breiner, S. (1990) Slaughter of Innocents: Child Abuse Through the Ages and Today. New York, Plenum Press; Wasserman, S. & Rosenfeld, A. (1992) An overview of the history of child sexual abuse and Sigmund Freud’s contributions, in O’Donohue, W. & Geer, J. H. (Eds.) The Sexual Absue of Children: Theory and Research. Vol. I.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hillsdale, New Jersey; Rush, F. (1980) The Best Kept Secret: Sexual Abuse of Children. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Olafson, E., Corwin, D. L. & Summit, R. C. (1993) Modern History of Sexual Abuse Awareness: Cycles of Discovery and Suppression, Child Abuse & Negl 17:7-24; Conte, J. R. (1994) Child sexual abuse: awareness and backlash, The Future of Children / Center for the Future of Children, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation 4,2:224-32; Gray-Fow, M. (1987) Child Abuse, Historiography and Ethics: The Historian as Moral Philosopher, J Psychohist 15,1:455-65; Cunningham, J. L. (1988) Contributions to the history of psychology: L. French historical views on the acceptability of evidence regarding child sexual abuse, Psychol Rep 63,2:343-53; Coldrey, B. M. (1996) The Sexual Abuse of Children: The Historical Perspective, Studies [Ireland] 85(340):370-80; Martin, E. J. (1995) Incest/child sexual abuse: historical perspectives, J Holistic Nursing 13,1:7-18; Masters, R. E. L. (1962) Forbidden Sexual Behavior and Morality: An Objective Re-Examination of Perverse Sex Practices in Different Cultures. New York: Julian Press, p363-411; Lloyd, R. (1977) Playland: A Study of Human Exploitation. London: Blond & Briggs, p65ff. Reprinted from Lloyd, R. (1976) For Money or Love: Boy Prostitution in America. New York: Vanguard Press, see p63-77; Kinnear, K. L. (1995) Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Reference Handbook. Contemporary World Issues. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-CLIO, p95-110; and many works of DeMause. Also Dziech, B. W. & Schudson, Ch. B. (1991) On Trial: America’s Courts and Their Treatment of Sexually Abused Children. Boston: Boston Beacon Press, p21-40
[35] Johansen, E. M. (1978 [1980]) Betrogene Kinder: Eine Sozialgeschichte der Kindheit. Franfurt am Main: Fischer
[36] DeMause, L. (1975) Our forebears made childhood a nightmare, Psychol Today 8, Apr.:85-8; DeMause, L. (1990) The History of Child Assault, J Psychohist 18:1-29; DeMause, L. (1998) The History of Child Abuse, J Psychohist 25,3: 216-36; Kahr, B. (1991) The Sexual Molestation of Children: Historical Perspectives, J Psychohist 19,2:191-214. The matter received some enthusiasm with psychoanalysts (Socarides, Wilson), child abuse professionals (Finkelhor) and a juvenile justice attorney (Vachss). Further Kahr, B. (1991) The History of Sexuality: From Ancient Polymorphous Perversity to Modern Genital Love, J Psychohist 26,4:764-78
[37] Lascaratos, J. et al. (2000) Child sexual abuse: historical cases ion the Byzantine Empire (324-1453 A.D.), Child Abuse & Negl 24,8 :1985-90
[38] Eglinton, J. Z. (1964) Greek Love. New York: Oliver Layton Press; Dover (1978); and Brongersma (1986).
[39] Bullough, V. (2000) The Paedophilia Smear, http://theposition.com/takingpositions/provocateur/00/06/05/pedophilia/default.htm
[40]Op.cit.
[41] Moll, A. (1908) Das Sexualleben des Kindes. Leizig: Vogel. 1912 English translation
[42] Magister Laukhards Leben und Schicksale, von ihm selbst beschrieben, bearbeitet von Viktor Petersen (The Life and Fortunes of Master Laukhard, described in his own words, and edited by Viktor Petersen), vol. i. p. 15, Stuttgart, 1908 [orig.footnote]
[43] Monsieur Nicholas, vol. i. p. 51, Paris (Liseux), 1884 [orig.footnote]
[44] Kinderleben in der deutschen Vergangenheit (Child Life in Old Germany), p. 112, Leipzig, 1900 [orig.footnote]
[45] Cohen, D. (1993) Consent and sexual relations in classical Athens, in Laiou, A. E. (Ed.) Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library & Collection, p5-16
[46] Cohen, D. (1991) Law, Sexuality, and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Also cited by Cantarella, E. (2004) Controlling passions orestablishing the rule ofthe law? The functions of punishment in ancient Greece, Punishment & Society 6,4:429–36, at p431
[47] Brundage, J. A. (1987) Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe. Chicago & London: Chicago University Press, p26
[48] Macdowell, D. M. (2000) Athenian Laws about Homosexuality, Revue Internationale des Droits de L'antiquité XLVII:13-27 [http://www.ulg.ac.be/vinitor/rida/2000/macdowell.pdf]
[49] Hopkins, M. K. (1965) The Age of Roman Girls at Marriage, Populat Stud 18,3:309-27. For exact statements and a review the reader is referred to this source.
[50]Durry, M. (1955) Le mariage des filles impubères à Rome, Comptes Rendus de l’Acad des Inscript, p84-91; Durry, M. (1955) Le mariage des filles impubères dans la Rome antiques, Rev Int Droits Antiq 2:263-73; Durry, M. (1955) Sur le mariage romain, Rev Int Droits Antiq 3:227-43; Durry, M. (1955) Le mariage des filles impubères chez les anciens Romains, Anthropos 50:432-4. By other sources it was argued that “[t]he young girl was given in marriage by her parents so young she was incapable of coming to a decision unaided. She just walked out of one nursery into another” (Nemecek, N., 1961, Virginity. London: Neville: Spearman, p73)
[51] Cf. Goodsell, W. (1934) A History of Marriage and the Family. New York: MacMillan, p153
[52] Eyben, E. (1985) Geschlechtsreife und Ehe im greichisch-römischen Altertum und im frühen Christentum, in Müller, E. W. (Ed.) Geschlechtsreife und Legitimation zur Zeugung. München: K. A. Freiburg, p403-78
[53] Amudsen, D. W. & Diers, C. J. (1969) The age of menarche in classical Greece and Rome, Hum Biol 41:125-32
[54] King, H. (1985) From Parthenos to Gyne: The Dynamics of Category. PhD Thesis, University of London
[55] King, H. (1998) Hippocrates’ Woman. London & New York: Routledge
[56] Zoepffel, R. (1985) Geschlechtsreife und Legitimation zur Zeugung im Alten Griechenland, in Müller, E. W. (Ed.) Geschlechtsreife und Legitimation zur Zeugung. Freiburg/München: Verlag Karl Albe, p319-401
[57] Brundage (1987:p42), op.cit.
[58] Rawson, B. (1991) Adult-child relationships in Roman society, in Rawson, B. (Ed.) Marriage, Divorce and Children in Rome. Oxford: Clarendon, p7-30
[59] Hopkins, K. (1983) Sociological Studies in Roman History. Vol.II. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press
[60] Weaver, P. R. C. (1986) The status of children in mixed marriages, in Rawson, B. (Ed.) The Family in Ancient Rome. London & Sydney: Croom Helm, p145-69
[61] O’Neal, C. M. (1983) Marriage and the Status of Women as Viewed through Early Medieval Law Codes. Thesis, Texas, p21
[62] Baldson, J. (1969) Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome. London [etc.]: The Bodley Head
[63] Rawson, B. (1986) The Roman family, in Rawson, B. (Ed.) The Family in Ancient Rome. London & Sydney: Croom Helm, p1-57
[64] Rahe, P. A. (1970) The Primacy of Politics in Classical Greece, Am Hist Rev 89,2:265-93
[65] Lacey, W. K. (1968) The Family in Classical Greece. London: Thames & Hudson
[66] Dean-Jones, L. (1994) Women’s Bodies in Classical Greek Science. Oxford: Clarendon
[67]Rousselle, A. (1983) Porneia. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Translated 1988, Oxford: Blackwell
[68] Gardner, R., Wills, Sh. & Goodwin, J. M. (1995) The Io Myth, J Psychohist 23,1:30-9
[69] See Reinsberg, C. (1989 [1993]) Ehe, Hetärentum, und Knabenliebe in Antiken
Greichenland. München: Beck; Bethe, E. (1983) Die Dorische Knabenliebe, Rheinisches Mus Philol, N..F. 62:438-75.
Reprinted 1983; Koch-Harnack, G. (1983) Knabenliebe und Tiergeschenke. Berlin: Mann; Percy III, W. A. (1996) Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece. Urbana [etc.]: University
of Illinois Press; Percy, W. A. III (1992) Sexual revolution 600 B.C. -
[70] This paragraph reproduced in separate Ancient Greece page.
[71] Ross, J. M. (1982) Oedipus revisited. Laius and the “Laius complex”, Psychoanal Study Child 37:169-200. Reprinted in Pollock, G. H. & Ross, J. M. (Eds.) The Oedipus Papers. Classics in psychoanalysis, Monograph 6. Madison, CT, US: International Universities Press, Inc., p285-316; Ross, J. M. (1985-6) The darker side of fatherhood: clinical and developmental ramifications of the “Laius motif”, Int J Psychoanal Psychother 11:117-54. Reprinted in Pollock, G. H. & Ross, J. M. (Eds.) The Oedipus Papers. Classics in psychoanalysis, Monograph 6. Madison, CT, US: International Universities Press, Inc., p389-417; Ross, J.. M. & Herzog, J. M. (1985). The sins of the father: Notes on fathers, aggression, and pathogenesis, in Anthony, E. J. & Pollock, G. (Eds.) Parental Influences. Boston: Little, Brown, p477-510
[72] Also note the reactions to the 1985/6 paper by Kwawer and Esman. For a panel on Laius’ paedophilia, see Rev Franc Psychanal 57(1993),2 with contributions of Rocha, Fine, Barande, Chabert, Chauvel, Hurry, Arfouilloux and Nicolaiedis & Nicolaiedis. See also Knausen (1972); Vernon, Th. (1972) The Laius Complex, Humanist, November/December, p27-8; Le Guen, C. (1974) The formation of the transference: or the Laius complex in the armchair, Int J Psychoanal 55,4:505-18
[73] Nicolaiedis, G. & Nicolaiedis, N. (1993) Incorporation, pédophile, inceste, Rev Franç Psychanal 57,2:507-14
[74] Booth, A. (1991) The Age for Reclining and Its Attendant Perils, in Slater, W. J. (Ed.) Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, p105-20
[75] Moller, M. (1987) The Accelerated Development of Youth: Beard Growth as a Biological Marker, Comparat Stud Soc & Hist 29,4:748-6
[76] On Platonist ethics, see Ervin, E. (1993) Plato the Pederast: Rhetoric and Cultural Procreation in the Dialogues, Pre-Text 14, 1-2:73-98; Catonne, J. Ph. (1996) Michel Foucault, lecteur de Platon ou de l’amour du beau garcon a la contemplation du beau en soi, Daimon, Rev Filosof 12:13-23
[77] Lacey (1968:p189-90)
[78] Gray-Fow, M. (1986) Pederasty, the Scantinian law, and the Roman army, J Psychohist 13,4:449-60
[79] Golden, M. (1990) Children and Childhood in Classical Athens. Baltimore & London: Johns Hopkins University Press
[80] Strauss, B. S. (1993) Fathers and Sons in Athens. London: Routledge
[81] Ungaretti, J. R. (1978) Pederasty, heroism, and the family in classical Greece, J Homosex 3,3:291-300. Further discussion of the “erotic reciprocity” or erastes and eromenos in Monoson, S. S. (1994) Citizen as Erastes: Erotic Imagery and the Idea of Reciprocity in the Periclean Funeral Oration, Political Theory 22,2:253-76
[82] Bloch, E. (2001) Sex between men and boys in classical Greece: Was it education for citizenship or child abuse? J Men’s Stud 9,2:183-204
[83] Atlas, J. (2000) Pederasty, blood shedding and blood smearing: Men in search of mommy’s feared powers, J Psychohist 28,2:116-49
[84] As Pollini notes, “To show a passive partner with an erection would constitute a break with the socially constructed norms established for such [Greek, Roman] homosexual relationships”. See Pollini, J. (1999) ‘The Warren Cup: Homoerotic Love and Symposial Rhetoric in Silver, Art Bullletin 81,1:21-52
[85] Johansson, W. (1990) Pederasty, in Dynes, W. R. & Johansson, W. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. Vol. 2. New York & London: Garland, p959-64
[86] E.g., Beckby, H. & Setz, W. (transl., 1987) Das Hohelied der Knabenliebe: Erotische Gedichte aus der Griechischen Anthologie. Berlin: Verlag rosa Winkel; Steinbichler, W. (1998) Die Epigramme des Dichters Straton von Sardes: Ein Beitrag zum Griechischen Paiderotischen Epigramm. Frankfurt/M. u. a. Some verses collected in Strato van Sardeis (1976) Moysa Paidike. Dutch translation by Vergeer, Ch., Knapenliedboek. Amsterdam: De Arbeiderspers, indeed convey Greek pubomisy. According to the author (p60) it was the beard, first apparent at age 18 that formed the upper limit in paiderastia, while the lower limit is “less clear”. “Paedophilia in the modern sense” was judged to be nonexistent, unlike among the Romans.
[87]Obermayer, H. P. (1998) Martial und der Diskurs über Männliche “Homosexualität” in der Literatur der Frühen Kaiserzeit. Classica Monacensia Bd. 18 Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, p95-103
[88] Dover, K. J. (1978) Greek Homosexuality. Lodon: Duckworth. Cf. Dover, K. J. (1973) Classical Greek Attitudes to Sexual Behavior, Arethusa 6:59-83; Dover, K. J. (1988) Greek Homosexuality and Initiation, in Dover, K. J. (Ed.) The Greeks and their Legacy: Collected Papers. Volume II: Prose Literature, History, Society, Transmission, Influence. Oxford [etc.]: Blackwell, p115-34
[89] Halperin, D. M. (1990) One Hundred Years of Homosexuality and Other Essays on Greek Love. New York & London: Routledge
[90] Hupperts, Ch. (2000) Eros Dikaios. Vol. 1. Diss.,
[91]Freese, J. H., Sittengeschichte Griekenlands. Better known as Licht, H., transl. (1932) Sexual Life in Ancient Greece. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
[92] Buffière, F. (1980) Eros Adolescent.Paris: Sociéte d’Édition “Les Belles Lettres”. See p605-17 for an extensive discussion of age.
[93] The History of Child Abuse. Speech given in May 1992 at The British Institute for Psycho-Analysis in London and in August 1994 at the American Psychiatric Association Convention in Philadelphia. This statement, with the retarded puberty hypothesis, was repeated in DeMause (1998).
[94] Another psychohistorian stated: “Age ranges for the eromenos are vague, but we seem to be dealing with the years immediately before puberty, the time of puberty itself, and the years straight after puberty” (Gray-Fow, 1987:p458).
[95] Cantarella, E. (1988) Secondo Natura. 1992 Engl. transl., Bisexuality in th Ancient World. New Haven & London: Yale University Press
[96] Cantarella ([1992:p68]), op.cit.
[97] Wiedemann, Th. (1989) Adults and Children in the Roman Empire. London: Routledge
[98] Williams, C. A. (1999) Roman Homosexuality : Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity. New York [etc.]: Oxford University Press
[99] Gray-Fow, M. (1987) Child abuse historiography and ethics: the historian as moral philosopher, J Psychohist 15,1:455-65
[100] Boswell, J. (1980) Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality. Chicao & London: University of Chicago Press
[101] Calame, C. (1997) Choruses of Young Women in Ancient Greece: Their Morphology, Religious Role, and Social Functions, translated from the French by Derek Collins and Jane Orion. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield
[102] Pomeroy, S. B. (2002) Spartan Women. Oxford University Press. There are also notes about nudity (p26-7): "As we have mentioned, the bare-breasted costume was worn only by girls who raced at the Heraea. Though some prepubescent Athenians raced nude at least once in their lives at the sanctuary of Artemis at Brauron, only Spartan girls regularly wore short dresses and exercised nude. Moreover, historical sources assign the earliest foundation of racing for girls anywhere in Greece to Lycurgus." [...] In Laws (833C), Plato prescribes nude racing only for prepubertal girls, and racing clothed for adolescents until marriage at eighteen to twenty years of age. Plato’s distinction may be reflected in the artistic portrayals of Spartan girl runners, though a modern viewer may misinterpret clues to the age of subjects in ancient art.[n106] Bronze mirrors and statuettes portraying girls completely nude seem to modeled on a prepubertal, slim-hipped girl. Those wearing the chiton show an adolescent with fully developed breasts. The older group may be dressed because they have already reached menarche and need to wear an undergarment to absorb menstrual blood.[n107]". Note 106. See further Christiane Sourvinou-Inwood, Studies in Girls’ Transitions: Aspects of the Arkteia and Age Representation in Attic Iconogography (Athens, 1988).
[103] See further M. L.West,“Alcmanica,”CQ 15 (1965), 188–202, esp. 199–200 [orig.footnote 117]
[104] In Athen. 13.602d–e: see further C. Calame, Les choeurs de jeunes filles en Grèce archaïque, vol. 1 (Rome, 1977), 434, and Jan Bremmer,“An Enigmatic Indo-European Rite: Paederasty,”Arethusa 13 (1980), 279–98, esp. 292–93. K.Dover,Greek Homosexuality (London, 1978), 188, interprets the passage as anal penetration of girls by boys, and states that “the original sexual meaning of ‘lakonize’will have been ‘have anal intercourse,’ irrespective of the sex of the person penetrated.” [orig.footnote 118]
[105] E.g., Cottin, S. M. R. (1805) Mathilde, ou Mémoires tirés de L'Histoire des Croisades. Paris: Giguet
[106]Bertels, K. (1978) Puberteit als historisch maakwerk, in Bertels, K. et al. (Eds.) Vrouw Man Kind, Lijnen van Vroeger naar Nu. Baarn [Holland]: Ambo, p183-206
[107] Chojnacki, S. (1992) Measuring
Adulthood: Adolescents and Gender in Renaissance
[108] Hanawalt, B. A. (1992) Historical Descriptions and Prescriptions for Adolescence, J Fam Hist 17,4:341-51
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[115] Bouchard, G. (1972) Le Village Immobile [etc.]. Paris, p325. “L’un et l’autre sexe est bien très enclin à l’amour, j’ai été étonné de voir cette passion se développer de bonne heure, au point que des garçons, même de sept ans à huit ans, ont commerce avec des filles de leur âge”. Quoted from Tessier (1776:p70)
[116] See Fuchs, R. (ca 1928) Geschichte der Erotischen Kunst. Vol. 2. München: Albert Langen
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[119] Luyendijk-Elshout, A. M. (1985) Arts en seksualiteit. Richtlijnen voor de bourgeoisie, Documentatieblad Werkgroep Achttiende Eeuw [Leiden] 17:15-27
[120] De la Bretonne, R. (1794-7) M. Nicolas ou le Coeur Humain Dévoilé. 1985 Dutch transl., De Liefdesavonturen van Mons. Nicolas […]. See p7-39
[121] Kellogg , J. H. (1881) Plain Facts for Old and Young: Embracing the Natural History and Hygiene of Organic Life. Burlington, Iowa, USA:I. F. Segner & Condit Co.
[122] Schultz, J. A. (1991) Medieval Adolescence: The Claims of History and the Silence of German Narrative, Speculum 66,3:519-39
[123] Daw, S. F. (1970) Age of Boy's Puberty in Leipzig, 1727-49, as Indicated by Voice Breaking in J. S. Bach’s Choir Members, Human Biol 42,1:87-90; Moller, M. (1985) Voice Change in Human Biological Development, J Interdisc Hist 16,2:239-53
[124] Wailes, S. L. (1983) The Romance of Kudrum, Speculum 58,2:347-67
[125] Boesch, H. (1900) Kinderleben in der Deutschen Vergangenheit. Leipzig: Eu. Diederichs
[126] Eerenbeemt, B. van den (1935) Het Kind in Onze Middeleeuwse Literatuur. Amsterdam: N. V. Munster [Dutch]
[127] Schultz, J. A.(1995) The Knowledge of Childhood in the German Middle Ages, 1100–1350. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
[128] Stone, L. (1961) Marriage among the English Nobility in the 16th and 17th Centuries, Comparat Stud Soc & Hist 3,2:182-206
[129] Post, J. B. (1971) Ages of menarche and menopause: some Mediaeval authorities, Popul Stud 25:83-7
[130] Amudsen, D. W. & Diers, C. J. (1973) The age of menarche in medieval Europe, Hum Biol 45:363-9
[131] Vogel, C. (1966) L’âge des époux chrétiens au moment de contracter mariage d’après les inscriptions paléo-chrétiens, Rev Droit Canon 16:355-66; Patlagean, E. (1973) L’enfant et son avenir dans la famille Byzantine, Ann Démogr Hist, p85-93, see p90
[132] Archer, R. (1990) New England Mosaic: A Demographic Analysis for the Seventeenth Century, William & Mary Quart, 3rd. Ser. 47,4:477-502; Laslett, P. (1971a) The World We Have Lost: England before the Industrial Age. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons
[133] Laslett, P. (1971b) Age at Menarche in Europe since the Eighteenth Century, J Interdiscipl Hist 2,2:221-36. Versions also appeared in Rotberg, R. R. & Rabb, Th. K. (Eds.) Marriage and Fertility. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p285-300; and in Laslett, P. (1977) Family Life and Illicit Love. Cambridge [tec.]: Cambridge University Press, p214-32; and in Rabb, Th. K. & Rotberg, R. R. (Eds., 1976) The Family in History. New York: Octagon Books, p28-47
[134] Quoted by MacDonald, R. H. (1967) The Frightful Consequences of Onanism: Notes on the History of a Delusion, J Hist Ideas 28,3:423-31, at p426
[135] Inglis, H. D. (1835) Ireland in 1834. Vol. I. Quoted by Drake, and by Connell, K. H. (1950) Land and Population in Ireland, 1780-1845, Econ Hist Rev, New Series, 2,3:278-89, at p281
[136] Drake, M. (1963) Marriage and Population Growth in Ireland, 1750-1845, Econ Hist Rev, New Series, 16,2:301-13
[137] Sumner, W. G. (1906) Folkways. Boston [etc.]: Ginn & Co.
[138] Gies, F. & Gies, J. (1987) Marriage and the Family in the Middle Ages. Cambridge [etc.]: Harper & Row, p184
[139] Leyser, K. J. (1979) Rule and Conflict in Early Medieval Society. London: E. Arnold. Cited by Goody, J. (1983) The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p64
[140] O’Neal, C. M. (1983) Marriage and the Status of Women as Viewed through Early Medieval Law Codes. Thesis, Texas, p54, 78
[141] Onclin, W. (19?) L’âge requis pour le mariage dans la doctrine canonique médiévale, Boston Proc, p237-40; Brundage (1987:p238), op.cit.
[142] Bullough, V. L. (1982) The sin against Nature and homosexuality, in Bullough, V. L. & Brundage, J. (Eds.) Sexual Practices and The Medieval Church. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus, p55-71, see p62
[143] Winter, M. (1984) Kindheit und Jugend im Mittelalter. Diss. Phil, Freiburg
[144] Brundage (1987:p357), op.cit.
[145] Howard, G. E. (1964) A History of Matrimonial Institutions. New York: Humanities Press. Vol. I
[146] Laiou, A. E. (1993) Sex, consent, and coercion in Byzantium, in Laiou, A. E. (Ed.) Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library & Collection, p109-221; Brundage, J. A. (1978) Rape and marriage, Rev Droit Canonique 28:[62ff]
[147] Nicholas, D. (1985) The Domestic Life of a Medieval City: Women, Children and the Family in Fourteenth-Century Ghent. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press
[148] Rossiaud, J. (1984) La Prostituzione nel Medieovo. 1988 English transl., Medieval Prostitution. Oxford: Blackwell
[149]See DeMause, L., The Emotional Life of Nations, Ch.7; Kuster, H. (1997) De Wil Tot Liefhebben: Beschouwingen over Geschiedfilosofie, Narcisme en Knapenliefde. Veenendaal [Holland]: Kuster. 2 vols.
[150] Sergent, B. (1986) L’Homosexualité Initiatique dans l’Europe Ancienne. Paris: Payot; Sergent, B. (1996) Homosexualité et Initiation chez les Peuples Indo-Européens. Paris: Payot. Cf. Bremmer, J. (1992) An enigmatic Indo-European rite: paederasty, in Dynes, W. R. & Donaldson, S. (Eds.) Homosexuality in the Ancient World. New York, NY: Garland, p49-68. Orig. in Arethusa 13 (1980) 2:279-98
[151] For a note on the “Taifalen”, see Bleibtrue-Ehrenberg (1970:p69; 1978:p44). Bleibtrue-Ehrenberg, G. (1970) Sexuelle Abartigkeit im Urteil der Abendländischen Religions-, Geistens-, und Rechtsgeschichte im Zusammenhang mit der Gesellschaftsentwicklung. PhD Dissertation, Bonn; Bleibtrue-Ehrenberg, G. (1978) Tabu Homosexualität: Die Geschichte eines Vorurteils. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer
[152] Keuls, E. C. (1995) The Greek
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[153] Hekma, G., Eder, F. X., transl. (1998) Die Verfolgung der Männer: Gleichgeschlechtliche männliche Begierden und Praktiken in der Europäischen Geschichte, Österreich Zeitschr Geschichtswiss [Austria] 9,3:311-41. See also Kuster, H. J. (1951) Over Homoseksualiteit in Middeleews West-Europa. Diss., Utrecht, Netherlands, p20-1
[154] Stayton, W. R. (1994) Pederasty in ancient and early Christian history, in Bullough, V. L. & Bullough, B. (Eds.) Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia. New York & London: Garland Publ.. Inc.
[155] Postcards from the edge: How Paul dragged Christianity into the first century, U.S. Catholic, Aug 1993; 58,8:6-13, at p12-3
[156] Saslow, J. M. (1989) Homosexuality in the renaissance: behavior, identity and artistic expression, in Duberman, M. B. et al. (Eds.) Hidden from History. New York: New American Library, p90-105
[157] Rousselle, Porneia (1983:p134-5), citing Chrysostom, J., in Antioche, p188
[158] Orme, N. (2001) Medieval Children. New Haven: Yale University Press
[159] Jacquat, D. & Thomasset, C. (1985) Sexuality and Medicine in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Polity Press, p124
[160] Also in Venice. See Dall’Orto, G. (1990) Venice, in Dynes, W. R. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. New York & London: Garland Publ. Inc. Vol. II, p1364-7, and Florence, ibid., Vol. I, p408-11
[161] Rocke, M. (1996) Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence. New York: Oxford University Press, p14
[162] Bray, A. (1982) Homosexuality in Renaissance England. London: Gay Men’s Press, p51
[163] Ibid.
[164] Carrasco, R. (1989 [1992]) Sodomiten und Inquisition im Spanien des sechzehnten und siebzehnten Jahrhunders, in Corbin A. (Ed.) Die Sexuelle Gewalt in der Geschichte, Berlin, p45-58. Translated from 1989 orig., Violences Sexuelles. Paris: Imago
[165] Rocke, Michael Jesse (1990) Male homosexuality and its regulation in
late medieval
[166] Boswell,
J. (1994) Same-Sex Unions in Premodern
[167] Rousselle, Porneia, p148
[168] Quinn, P. A. (1988) Better Than The Sons of Kings: Boys and Monks in the Early Middle Ages. New York: Peter Lang, p165
[169] Abbott, E. (2000) A History of Celibacy. New York [etc.]: Scribner, p101
[170] Damian, P. (1982) Book of Gomorrah. Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press, p27, 42
[171] Atlas, J. (2000) Pederasty, Blood Shedding and Blood Smearing: Men in Search of Mommy’s Feared Powers, Journal Psychohist 28:116-49
[172] Rocke, M. J. (1989) Sodomites in Fifteenth-Century Tuscany: The Views of Bernardino of Sienna, in Gerard, K. & Hekman, G. (Eds.) The Pursuit of Sodomy: Male Homosexuality in Renaissance and Enlightenment Europe. New York: Harrington Park Press, p9, 13
[173] Ibid., p15, 12
[174] Rocke (1996:p156), op.cit.
[175] Same-Sex Unions, 1995, op.cit.
[176] Ruggiero, G. (1985) The Boundaries of Eros. New York: Oxford University Press, p138
[177] Rocke (1996:p7), op.cit.. See also Goodrich, M. (1976) Sodomy in medieval secular law, J Homosex 1:295-302
[178] Wood, N. (2002) Creating the Sensual Child: Paterian Aesthetics, Pederasty, and Oscar Wilde's Fairy Tales, Marvels & Tales 16,2:156-70
[179] Clarke. E. O. (2000) Virtuous Vice: Homoeroticism and the Public Sphere. Durham & London: Duke University Press. As reviewed by Elfenbaum, A. (2001), Eighteenth-Cent Stud 35,1:140-2
[180] Crompton, L. (1985) Byron and Greek Love: Homophobia in Nineteenth-Century England. Berkeley: University of California Press
[181] Charbonnier-Lambert, M. (2002) Walter Pater, Simeon Solomon and Oscar Browning: The cultural, legal and social aspects of homosexuality before the 1885 Criminal Law Amendment Act, Cahiers Victoriens & Edouardiens 55:265-75
[182] Merrick, J. (1998/9) Commissioner Foucault, inspector Noël, and the “pederasts” of Paris, 1780-3, J Social Hist 32:287-307
[183] Boswell, J. (1988) The Kindness of Strangers. New York [etc.]: Pantheon
[184] Brusendorff, O. & Henningsen, P. ([1960] 1963) Love’s Picture Book. Vol.3: Exotic horizons. Copenhagen: Veta
[185] Shestack, A. et. al. (1981) Hans Baldung Grien: Prints and Drawings. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, p131; Wirth, J. (1978) Sainte Anne est une sorcière, Bibliothèque d'Humanisme & Renaissance [Switzerland] 40,3:449-81. The latter author refutes Carl Koch’s contention that Saint Anne was portrayed as a conjurer condemning Jesus Christ to chastity. Iconographical analysis, the 15th- and 16th-century cult of Saint Anne, and Alsatian nonchalance toward witchcraft lead him to contradict the hypothesis. Berne argues that “[…] it was common among Renaissance painters to emphasize the genitals of the Infant Jesus, and of the Risen Christ as well. It was their way of saying, “Yes, look! He really did have what it takes to give life to human beings. Let’s celebrate that fact”. See Berne, E. (1970) Sex in Human Loving. New York: Simon and Schuster, p44
[186] Van Ussel, J. (1968) Geschiedenis van het Seksuele Probleem. Meppel, Netherlands: Boom & Son. Based on the author’s 1967 thesis, Sociogenese en Evolutie van het Probleem der Seksuele Propaedeuse tussen de 16de en de 18de Eeuw, Vooral in Fankrijk en Duitsland. Gent. The work was translated in German (Sexualunterdrükung: Geschichte der Sexualfeindschaft, 1970). See also Van Ussel, J. (1976) De Westerse houding tegenover het kind, en het onststaan daarvan, in Pedofilie en Samenleving. Utrecht: NCGV, p21-9; and a post-mortem contribution to Rooie Vlinderschrift [Gent] 3(1979):9-16, at p10. Van Ussel’s claim pertaining the depiction of the practice is challenged by Van Rhee, F. (2001) Pedofilie: Een Controversiële Kwestie. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, who saw his inquiries to the matter in the Dutch Rijksmuseum and the National Bureau for Documentation in Art History frustrated by the ignorance of it.
[187] For instance, see Héroard, J. (1868) Journal de l’Enfance et de la Première Jeunesse de Louis XVIII. Edited by Fudore Soulié and Edouard de Barthelemy. 2 vols. Paris: Firmin Didot Freres, fils & cie. For more reference to 1800 servants’ crimes, see Rand, E. (1992) Diderot and Girl-Group Erotics, Eighteenth-Century Stud 25,4:495-516, p504. Cf. Maza, S. C. (1983) Servants and Masters in Eighteenth-Century France. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Bienville, M. D. T. (1778) La Nymphomanie ou Traité de la Fureur Utérine. Amsterdam: M. Rey, p131, 140-3.
[188]Cf. Van Ussel, J. (1963) De totale mens: beschouwingen over de antropologie, moraal en de opvoeding van het geslachtelijke. Blankenberge : s.n [paper, NISSO], p75-117, specifically p77ff. For more Van Ussel on antisexual Christianity, see Ussel, J. van (1968) Het christendom en de seksuele problematiek, Kultuurleven [Belgium] 39:658-69; Ussel, J. van (1969) Socio-economische grondslagen van de seksuele moraal, Tijdschr Sociale Wetensch [Dutch] 2:155-206
[189] Duerr, H. P. (1988) Nacktheit und Scham. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp. Vol. 1 of Der Mythos vom Zivilizationprocess. 2nd ed.
[190] See also DeMause, Foundations of Psychohistory (1982:p56 and 81, n262)
[191] Haeberle, E. J. (1978) The Sex Atlas. New York: Seabury Press. Dutch translation, Spectrum, 1981
[192]Franck de la Marche, in Gaie France Mag, translated by Brongersma, E. (1993) Jongensliefde in de middeleeuwn en later, OK Mag 46:5-10
[193] Dasberg, L. (1975) Grootbrengen door Kleinhouden als Historisch Verschijnsel. Meppel [Holland]: Boom, p35-6
[194] Brongersma (1987, I:p31)
[195] E.g., Emotional Life of Nations, Ch. 7
[196] Stone, L. (1977) Family, Sex and Marriage in England, 1500-1800.London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson
[197] Ariès, Ph. (1962) Centuries of Childhood. Translated, London: Cape. The chapter is reprinted in Jenkins, H. (Ed.) The Children’s Culture Reader. New York: New York University Press, p41-57
[198] Marvick, E. W. (1974a)The Character of Louis XIII: The Role of His Physician, J Interdisc His 4,3:347-74
[199] Marvick, E. W. (1974c) Nature versus nurture: patterns and trends in seventeenth-century French child-rearing, in DeMause, L. (Ed.) The History of Childhood. New York: Psychohistory Press, p259-301
[200] Marvick, E. W. (1974b) Childhood History and Decisions of State: The Case of Louis XIII, Hist Childh Quart 2,2:135-80. Comments and replies at p181-99
[201] Moll, A. (1908) Das Sexualleben des Kindes. Leipzig: Vogel. See English translation The Sexual Life of Children. New York: MacMillan, 1912
[202] Schur, M. (1972) Freud: Living and Dying. New York: International Universities Press, p120-32 Cf. DeMause, Foundations of Psychohistory, p58
[203] For more information on child witches, see Rush, F. (1980) The Best Kept Secret: Sexual Abuse of Children. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, p37-40; Behringer, W. (1989) Kinderhexenprozesse: Zur Roller von Kinder in der Geschichte der Hexenverfolgung., Zeitschr Hist Forsch 16:31-47; Kuhn-Rehfus, M. (1994) Mit dem greulichen Laster der Hexerei angesteckte Kinder: Kinderhexenprozesse in Sigmarigen im 17. Jahrhundert, in Schmierer, W. (Ed.) Aus Südwestdeutscher Geschichte: Festschrift für Hans-Martin Maurer. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, p428-46; Waltz, R. (1994) Kinder in Hexenprozessen: Die Grafschaft Lippe, 1564-1663, in Wilbertz, G., Schwerhoff, G. & Scheffler, J. (Eds.) Hexenverfolgung und Regionalgeschichte: Die Grafschaft Lippe im Vergleich. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, p211-31; Weber, H. (1999) Die besessenen Kinder: Teufelsglaube Exorzismus in der Geschichte der Kindheit. Stuttgart: J. Thorbecke; Weber, H. (1991) Kinderhexenprozesse. Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag; Weber, H. (1993) Gewalt gegen Kinder. Das Beispiel der Kinderhexenprozesse, Pädagogik 45,1:42-6; Weber, H. (1992) Die besessenen Kinder der Hexenverfolgungen, Der Evangelische Erzieher. Zeitschr Pädagogik & Theol 443:280-91; Weber, H. (1996a) Von der verführten Kinder Zauberei: Hexenprozesse gegen Kinder im alten Württemberg. Sigmaringen: J. Thorbecke; Weber, H. (1996b) Hexenprozesse gegen Kinder. Ein dramatisches Kapitel in der Verfolgungsgeschichte der Kindheit, Religion Heute 25:12-6; Sebald, H. (1995) Witch-Children; From Salem Witch-Hunts to Modern Courtrooms. New York; Tramer, M. (1944/5) Kinder im Hexenglauben und Hexenprozeß des Mittelalters. Kind und Aberglaube, Zeitschr Kinderpsychia 2:140-9, 180-7; Midelfort, E. H. C. (1972) Witch-Hunting in Southwestern Germany 1562-1684: The Social and Intellectual Foundations. Stanford: Stanford University Press, p144, 156-7. For a discussion of Weber’s work, see also Frenken, R. (1999) Child Witches in Renaissance Germany, J Psychohist 26,4. Further Simms, N. (1998) Medieval Guilds, Passions and Abuse, J Psychohist 26,1:478-513
[204]
Winter, M. (1984) Kindheit und Jugend im
Mittelalter. Diss. Phil,
[205] Roper, L. (2000) Evil imaginings and fantasies: child-witches and the end of the witch craze, Past & Present 167:107-39
[206] Friedrich Wilhelm Basilius von Ramdohr, Venus Urania. Ueber die Natur der Liebe, über ihre Veredlung und Verschönerung. Bd. 1-4. Leipzig 1798. The work was referred to by Moll first in 1891, Die Konträre Sexual-Empfindung, p2
[207]Rohleder, H. (1901) Vorlesungen über Sexualtrieb und Sexualleben des Menschen. Berlin: Fischer, p14-6; Rohleder, H. (1920) Vorlesungen über das Sesamte Geschlechtsleben des Menschen. 4th ed. Vol. I. Berlin: Fischer
[208] Wulffen, E. (1913) Das Kind: Sein Wesen und seine Entartung. Berlin: Langenscheidt, p249-97
[209] Raffalovitch, M. (1896) Uranisme et Unisexualité. Paris, Lyon: Masson & Cie
[210] For a brief outline of historical investigation, consider the following (full reference list available from the author): Von Gagern (1952); Spitz (1952); Hare (1962); Duffy (1963); Jacobs (1963); Comfort (1967); MacDonald (1967); Ussel, van (1967/68); Szasz (1970); Cade (1973); Gilbert (1975); Neuman (1975); Pilgrim (1975); Buda (1976); Renshaw (1976); Bullough and Bullough (1977:ch.5); Greydanus & Geller (1980); Egelhardt (1981); Carter (1983); Hudson (1983); Chromy (1984); Money (1985); Stengers & Neck,van (1984); Elia (1987); Bloch (1989); Okada (1989); Hall (1992), Kay (1992); Lüthehaus (1992); Duche (1994); Schroth (1994); Braun (1995); Mortier et al. (1995); Richter (1996); Hunt (1998). Also Spree, R. (1986) Sozialisationsnormen in ärztlichen Ratgebern zur Säuglings- und Kleinkindpflege, in Martin, J. & Nitschke, Au. (Eds.) Zur Sozialgeschichte der Kindheit. München: Verlag K. Alber, p609-59, see p628-9, 641-3; Van Ussel, J. (1968) “Vuile manieren” en seksuele opvoeding, Persoon & Gemeenschap [Dutch] 21,3:137-47
[211] See Van Ussel (1968) and Jacobs (1963) for a bibliography of masturbation works before 1800.
[212] Fox, Ch. (1986) The Myth of Narcissus in Swift’s Travels, Eighteenth-Cent Stud 20,1:17-33
[213] Gilbert, A. N. (1975) Doctor, patient, and onanist diseases in the nineteenth century, J Hist Med & Allied Sci 30,3:217-34
[214] Lejeune, Ph. (1974) Le “dangereux supplement”: lecture d’un aveu de Rousseau, Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations [France] 29,4:1009-22
[215] Schoondermark, J. Jr. (1902) Het (Auto- en Mutueel-) Onaneeren [etc.]. Amsterdam: Moransard
[216] Kett, J. F. (1971) Adolescence and Youth in Nineteenth-Century America, J Interdiscipl Hist 2,2:283-98. Reprinted in Rabb, Th. K. & Rotberg, R. R. (Eds., 1976) The Family in History. New York: Octagon Books, p95-110
[217] Flandrin, J. (1976) Späte Heirat und Sexualleben, in Bloch, M. et al. (Eds.) Schrift und Materie der Geschichte. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Cited by Schetsche, M. & Schmidt, R. (1996) Ein “dunkler Drang aus dem Leibe”: Deutungen kindlicher Onanie seit dem 18. Jahrhundert, Ztschr Sexualforsch 9,1:1-22, at p2
[218] Mortier, F. & Colen, W. (1995) Inner-scientific reconstructions in the discourse on masturbation (1960-1950), Paedagog Hist [Belgium] 30,3:817-47
[219] Rosenberg, Ch. E. (1973) Sexuality, Class and Role in 19th-Century America, Am Quart 25,2:131-53
[220] A comparable case is presented by Gillis (1996) who examined the early development of writings on infant and childhood thumb-sucking in American paediatric textbooks since 1878. He discusses the integration and consolidation of this suctus voluptibilis into common American paediatric coverage by observing that it found pathological and nosological anchors [p65] in its being classified as a “functional neurological disease”. The parent, nurse and non-paediatric physicians were incapacitated in their potential expertise, and the habit was pathologised by its association with orofacial deformity and sexualised [thus, pathologised] by its association with masturbation. The paediatrician was considered a coloniser rather than the self-declared explorer of the unknown terrain of infancy [p73] and paediatrics was identified as “an early intellectual example of contextual or relative “truth”[p64]”, by virtue of its anchoring the child’s behaviour in its adults consequences. See Gillis, J. (1996) Bad habits and pernicious results: thumb sucking and the discipline of late-nineteenth century paediatrics, Med Hist 40:55-73
[221]Op.cit.
[222]Zimmerman (1779) Warnung an Eltern, Erzieher und Kinderfreunde wegen der Selbstbefleckung, zumal bey ganz jungen Mädchen, Neues Mag f Ärzte 1,1:43-51
[223] Van Bambeke, C. (1859) Note sur certaines habitudes vicieuses chez les très-jeunes enfants, Bull Soc Méd Gand 25:7-14
[224]Behrend, F. J. (1860) Über die Reizung der Geschlechtsteile, besonders über Onanie bei ganz kleinen Kindern, und die dagegen anzuwendenden Mittel, J Kinderkrankh 35:321-9
[225]Fleischmann, L. (1878) Ueber Onanie und Masturbation bei Säuglingen, Wien Med Presse 19:8-10, 46-8. See also Carter (1983) Infantile hysteria and infantile masturbation in late 19th century German language medical literature, Med Hist 27:186-96, esp. p190-1
[226] Vering, A. M. (1841) Pastorale Geneeskunde. Almelo [Holland]: J. T. Sommer. Dutch transl. from the German, p164-84
[227] Rilliet & Bartez (1854) Traité Clinique et Practique des Maladies des Enfants. Vol. III. 2nd ed., p417
[228]E.g., Bednař (1856) Lehrbuch der Kinderkrankheiten. Vienna, p352
[229] Debay, Au. ([1961]) Hygiene et Physiologie du Marriage. 27th ed. Paris, p95-7
[230]Steiner, J. ([1873]) Compendium der Kinderziekten [etc]. Arnhem [Holland], Dutch transl. of German orig.
[231] “As is concerned the age at which this impertinence is practiced, I have had ample occassion of verifying its being observed first in very little children, one or two years of age”.
[232] Marro, A. (1899) Influence of the puberal development upon the moral character of children of both sexes, Am J Sociol 5,2:193-219, at p214
[233] Schrenk-Notzing, A. von (1895) The Use of Hypnosis in Psychopathia Sexualis. 1956 reprint, New York: The Institute for Research in Hypnosis Publication Society etc.
[234] Freud, S. (1912) Zur Einleitung der Onanie-Diskussion. In Die Onanie. Vierzehn Beiträge zu einer Diskussion der "Wiener Psychoanalytischen Vereinigung" (Diskussionen der Wiener psychoanalytischen Vereinigung, Heft 2). Wiesbaden; G.W., Bd. 8, p332-45
[235] Szasz, Th. (1970) The Manufacture of Madness. New York [etc.]: Harper & Row. 1972 Dutch Transl.
[236]E.g., Premsela, Sexuologie in de Praktijk. 2nd ed. Amsterdam : Strengholt, p212
[237] Janssen, D. F. (July, 2001) Paradoxia Sexualis: The Bio-Othering and Psychopathia Sexualis of the Child. Unpublished manuscript, Nijmegen University, Faculty of Medical History, Philosophy and Ethics
[238] Ibid.
[239] Cf. GUS, Vol.II, §2.3
[240] Carter (1983:p196), op.cit.