Table: Overview

男女性功能障碍-性健康问题

表格:性健康问题概述(临床综合征)

本表改编自泛美卫生组织/世界卫生组织/世界性学会于2001年发表的报告中的列表。  (另见:美国精神病诊断手册(第四版)的性反常行为与性紊乱)

1. 性功能障碍

  • 性偏恶
  • 性欲抑制
  • 性交疼痛
  • 阴道痉挛
  • 膨胀问题(缺乏勃起或勃起软弱,缺乏润滑或润滑不足)
  • 性高潮问题(性高潮时机不满,无性高潮)

2. 困扰性的行为模式
(很大程度上是发生程度的问题。并不是所有的这些行为模式都必定引起当事者的困扰。无论如何,某些行为模式比较无害,然而其他的行为模式对所涉及的当事人/社会则是危险的。所以,治疗则依程度或导致困扰的严重性以及对他人的影响程度而定。在某些病例,行为者明显对他人或社会具有伤害性。一旦涉及犯罪,也需要警察和法庭的介入。)

  • 露阴症
  • 窥阴症
  • 恋物症
  • 恋物性异装症
  • 挨擦症
  • 性受虐症
  • 性施虐症
  • 恋童症
  • 强迫性性行为
  • 性侵犯

3. 性身份症状

  • 性别焦虑(性别角色和性别认同症状)
  • 中间性综合征

4. 涉及暴力与欺骗的综合征

  • 儿童性辱虐后综合征
  • 性骚扰后综合征
  • 强奸或其他性暴力后综合征
  • 性恐惧症(例如:性爱恐惧症、同性恋恐惧症等)
  • 不安全性行为模式(习惯性冒性传播疾病的风险)

5. 涉及生殖的临床综合征

  • 精神症状相关性不孕不育
  • 非意愿妊娠相关性心理障碍
  • 流产相关性心理障碍

6. 性传播疾病

  • 传染病(病毒传染、细菌传染)
  • 寄生虫侵扰

7. 涉及其他健康状态的临床综合征

  • 继发性残障或衰弱临床综合征
  • 继发性躯体或精神疾病临床综合征
  • 继发性药物或其他医学和外科手术干预临床综合征
  • 继发性其他健康状态临床综合征

Female and Male Sexual Dysfunctions -
Sexual Health Problems

Overview of Sexual Health Problems (Clinical Syndromes)

The author has adapted this table from a list found in the report published in 2001 by PAHO/WHO/WAS. (also see: Paraphilias and Sexual Disorders in DSM IV)

1. Sexual dysfunctions

  • Sexual aversion
  • Inhibited sexual desire
  • Pain during sexual activity
  • Vaginismus
  • Problems of tumescence (absent or weak erection, absent or weak lubrication)
  • Problems of orgasm (unsatisfactory timing of orgasm, no orgasm)

2. Problematic behavior patterns
(largely a matter of degree. Not all of these behaviors are necessarily problematic as such. In any case, some are relatively harmless, but some others can become dangerous to the individual concerned and/or to society. The need for therapy therefore depends on the degree or severity of the presenting difficulties and on their effect on others. In some cases, the behavior is clearly harmful. When it is criminal, it also requires interventions by the police and the courts. EJH)

  • Exhibitionism
  • Voyeurism
  • Fetishism
  • Fetishistic transvestism
  • Frotteurism
  • Sexual masochism
  • Sexual sadism
  • Pedophilia
  • Compulsive sexual behavior
  • Sexual aggressiveness

3. Problems of Gender Identity and Sex Assignment

  • Gender Dysphoria (gender role and gender identity problems)
  • Intersex syndromes                                                                                                   (Intersexuality is a physical, not a psychological condition. Most intersexual persons do not have problems with their gender identity. However, some may be misdiagnosed at birth and thus be assigned to the wrong sex. This sex assignment may later have to be corrected. EJH)

4. Syndromes Related to Violence and Victimization

  • Syndromes following sexual abuse in childhood
  • Syndromes following sexual harassment
  • Syndromes following rape or other sexual violence
  • Sexual phobias (e.g. erotophobia, homophobia)
  • Patterns of unsafe sexual behavior (habitually risking sexually transmitted infections).

5. Clinical Syndromes Related to Reproduction

  • Sterility, infertility, related psychological problems
  • Psychological problems related to unwanted pregnancy
  • Psychological problems related to abortion

6. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  • Infections (viral, bacterial)
  • Infestations

7. Clinical Syndromes Related to Other Conditions

  • Clinical syndromes secondary to disability or infirmity.
  • Clinical syndromes secondary to physical or mental illness
  • Clinical syndromes secondary to medication or other medical and surgical interventions
  • Clinical syndromes secondary to other conditions

[Course 5] [Health Problems] [Table: Overview]