男女性功能障礙-性健康問題 表格：性健康問題概述（臨床綜合征） 本表改編自泛美衛生組織/世界衛生組織/世界性學會於2001年發表的報告中的列表。  (另見：美國精神病診斷手冊（第四版）的性反常行為與性紊亂) 1. 性功能障礙 性偏惡 性欲抑制 性交疼痛 陰道痙攣 膨脹問題(缺乏勃起或勃起軟弱，缺乏潤滑或潤滑不足) 性高潮問題(性高潮時機不滿足，無性高潮) 2. 困擾性的行為模式 (很大程度上是發生程度的問題。並不是所有的這些行為模式都必定引起當事者的困擾。無論如何，某些行為模式比較無害，然而其他的行為模式對所涉及的當事人/社會則是危險的。所以，治療則依程度或導致困擾的嚴重性以及對他人的影響程度而定。在某些病例，行為者明顯對他人或社會具有傷害性。一旦涉及犯罪，也需要員警和法庭的介入。) 露陰症 窺陰症 戀物症 戀物性異裝症 挨擦症 性受虐症 性施虐症 戀童症 強迫性性行為 性侵犯 3. 性身份症狀 性別焦慮(性別角色和性別認同症狀) 中間性綜合征 4. 涉及暴力與欺騙的綜合征 兒童性辱虐後綜合征 性騷擾後綜合征 強姦或其他性暴力後綜合征 性恐懼症(例如：性愛恐懼症、同性戀恐懼症等) 不安全性行為模式(習慣性冒性傳播疾病的風險) 5. 涉及生殖的臨床綜合征 精神症狀相關性不孕不育 非意願妊娠相關性心理障礙 流產相關性心理障礙 6. 性傳播疾病 傳染病(病毒傳染、細菌傳染) 寄生蟲侵擾 7. 涉及其他健康狀態的臨床綜合征 繼發性殘障或衰弱臨床綜合征 繼發性軀體或精神疾病臨床綜合征 繼發性藥物或其他醫學和外科手術干預臨床綜合征 繼發性其他健康狀態臨床綜合征 Female and Male Sexual Dysfunctions - Sexual Health Problems Overview of Sexual Health Problems (Clinical Syndromes) The author has adapted this table from a list found in the report published in 2001 by PAHO/WHO/WAS. (also see: Paraphilias and Sexual Disorders in DSM IV) 1. Sexual dysfunctions Sexual aversion Inhibited sexual desire Pain during sexual activity Vaginismus Problems of tumescence (absent or weak erection, absent or weak lubrication) Problems of orgasm (unsatisfactory timing of orgasm, no orgasm) 2. Problematic behavior patterns (largely a matter of degree. Not all of these behaviors are necessarily problematic as such. In any case, some are relatively harmless, but some others can become dangerous to the individual concerned and/or to society. The need for therapy therefore depends on the degree or severity of the presenting difficulties and on their effect on others. In some cases, the behavior is clearly harmful. When it is criminal, it also requires interventions by the police and the courts. EJH) Exhibitionism Voyeurism Fetishism Fetishistic transvestism Frotteurism Sexual masochism Sexual sadism Pedophilia Compulsive sexual behavior Sexual aggressiveness 3. Problems of Gender Identity and Sex Assignment Gender Dysphoria (gender role and gender identity problems) Intersex syndromes                                                                                                   (Intersexuality is a physical, not a psychological condition. Most intersexual persons do not have problems with their gender identity. However, some may be misdiagnosed at birth and thus be assigned to the wrong sex. This sex assignment may later have to be corrected. EJH) 4. Syndromes Related to Violence and Victimization Syndromes following sexual abuse in childhood Syndromes following sexual harassment Syndromes following rape or other sexual violence Sexual phobias (e.g. erotophobia, homophobia) Patterns of unsafe sexual behavior (habitually risking sexually transmitted infections). 5. Clinical Syndromes Related to Reproduction Sterility, infertility, related psychological problems Psychological problems related to unwanted pregnancy Psychological problems related to abortion 6. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Infections (viral, bacterial) Infestations 7. Clinical Syndromes Related to Other Conditions Clinical syndromes secondary to disability or infirmity. Clinical syndromes secondary to physical or mental illness Clinical syndromes secondary to medication or other medical and surgical interventions Clinical syndromes secondary to other conditions [Course 5] [Health Problems] [Table: Overview]