2. 迷誤——性治療師的公正性

自律的性治療
馬斯特斯(Masters)和詹森(Johnson)以及像他們那樣的性治療師已經脫離了傳統上帶有偏見的精神病治療背景，並且發起了過去從未有過的對傳統精神病治療的仔細審查和公開辯論。現在，他們給完全自主的客戶提供自己謹慎的、有限度的和通情達理的性治療幫助。他們也明白，在過去，各式各樣的性治療習慣於把想當然的“正常的”準則("natural" norms)硬塞給猶豫不決的“病人”，而且他們對過去的這種令人為難的性治療局面保持著清醒的認識。與過去大不一樣的是，今天，當我們審視現行的性治療實踐時，就根本沒有理由感到羞愧了。因為，現今的性治療實踐以其精確性而煥然一新，它得益於馬斯特斯與詹森(Masters and Johnson)、哈特曼與菲西恩(Hartman and Fithian)、羅琵科羅與黑曼(LoPiccolo and Heiman)、齊爾伯格爾德與芭爾巴克(Zilbergeld and Barbach)以及其他許多研究者的行為學研究成果，這些研究者和性治療師已經把性治療實踐指向了一個更加理性的可驗證的方向。現今的大多數性治療師認識到了這一事理，並欣然地接受了這種治療的原理。他們並不把性(sexuality)當作人類幸福的起點和終點。他們也不鼓動人們去追求他們治療工作的最終績效。在此還要指明的是，從實踐意義上看，性治療現在正使得人們在性欲滿足和情感滿足的層面豐富著人們的生活。此外，現今的性治療確實沒有像過去一樣如此的教條主義和誇大其辭。我們現在所需要做的工作就是構建性治療理論框架，以反映這些新近進步的發展成果。當性治療的理論與性治療的實踐並駕齊驅之時，當性治療的理論挑揀出它的那些無以為據的定勢思維之時，一個嶄新而條理清晰的性治療體系將值得我們每一個富於理性的人的支持。

2. The Myth of Therapeutic Impartiality

Self-critical sex therapy
Masters and Johnson and others like them have taken sex therapy out of the traditionally prejudiced psychiatric context and opened it up as never before to scrutiny and dispute. They now offer their cautious, limited, and commonsensical assistance to fully autonomous clients. They also know that, in the past, sexual therapies of various kinds have been used to enforce allegedly "natural" norms on reluctant and even unwilling "patients", and they remain well aware of this embarrassing aspect of the past. In contrast, when we look at the actual practice of sex therapy today, we have no reason to be embarrassed at all. It is precisely the new, behavioral approach of Masters and Johnson, Hartman and Fithian, LoPiccolo and Heiman, Zilbergeld and Barbach, and many others that has pointed sex therapy in a more rationally defensible direction. Most sex therapists today know this and are grateful for it. They do not see sexuality as the beginning and end of human happiness. Neither do they make universal claims for the ultimate effect of their work. Still, in a practical sense, sex therapy is now enriching many lives on a sensual and emotional level. Moreover, it does so without dogmatism and arrogance. All that is needed now is a theoretical framework that reflects these recent positive developments. As its theory catches up with its practice, and as it becomes aware of its untenable silent assumptions, a newly articulate sex therapy will deserve the support of every rational person.