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性傳播疾病的預防：行為的改變
STD
Prevention: Behavior Change |
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安全性行為-歷史記載
Safer
Sex - Historical Notes |
安全性行為指南的演變
在確實AIDS也能夠通過異性性接觸傳播後，對“安全性行為指南”就做了修改，將陰道性交也納入了指南裏。此外，三藩市AIDS基金會為靜脈毒品注射者、婦女、年幼者和不同宗教信仰者制定了針對性的指南。隨著時間的過去，隨著人們積累了越來越多的流行病學知識，指南被修改了多次。大體上，指南被制定得簡單實用，但是為特殊人群所制定的指南則盡可能做到詳盡。總的來說，這些預防措施證明非常有效。不幸的是，對許多人來說，安全性行為指南來得太遲了，他們數年以前就已經在不知情的情形下染上了疾病。
在此期間，原初的“安全性行為指南”大體上為受AIDS威脅的每一個國家所採納。在發展中國家，指南主要針對一般的異性戀人口，因為他們現時冒著極大的感染危險。可是，依據地方文化和公開談論性習慣的政治狀況不同，在國于國之間常常有相當大的差別。現今，大多數人也願意談及“安全性行為（safer
sex）”，而避免可能使人誤解的普通措辭“安全的（safe）”，而且強調安全（safety）和冒險（risk）兩者相互對應的道理。 |
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1985年：錢包大小的卡片，由三藩市AIDS基金會散發，正面和背面
1985: Wallet-size cards, distributed by the SF AIDS Foundation, front and back.
(在此點擊中文翻譯圖片1；在此點擊中文翻譯圖片2/Click
on pictures)
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The Development of the Guidelines
As soon as it became clear that AIDS could also be transmitted through heterosexual contact,
the “Safe Sex Guidelines” were amended to cover vaginal intercourse as well. Moreover, the San Francisco AIDS Foundation developed various special guidelines for intravenous drug users, women, very young people, and different ethnic minorities. Over time, and with increasing epidemiological knowledge, the guidelines were revised several times. In general, they were simplified, but for particular groups they went into ever greater detail. Taken together, these prevention efforts proved very effective. Unfortunately, they came too late for many people who, years before, had already been infected without knowing it.
In the meantime, the original “Safe Sex Guidelines” have, in principle, been adopted in every country threatened by AIDS. In the developing world they are mostly aimed at the general heterosexual population which now runs the greatest risk of infection However, there are often considerable differences from country to country, depending on the local culture and the political will to talk openly about sexual practices. Today, most people also prefer to speak of “safer sex”, avoiding the possibly misleading word “safe” and emphasizing that both safety and risk are relative. |
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1985: Wallet-size cards, distributed by the SF AIDS Foundation, front and back.
(Click on pictures)
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