Course 4
Cultural
National
Ethnic
Religious
Subcultural
Ethnic Problems
 性傳播疾病的預防:行為的改變  STD Prevention: Behavior Change
 安全性行為-推行安全性行為所面臨的問題
文化方面的問題-種族方面問題
許多國家都有少數民族。少數民族可能原來就居住在那裏,或移居去的,或現在正在移居。無論如何,他們是少數民族和想成為少數民族,因為作為少數民族,他們或多或少可以保持自己原初語言和文化,與該國大多數人的文化可能非常不同。顯然,任何廣泛的預防AIDS宣傳運動必須設法以少數民族自己的語言成功地與之進行交流,並且所使用的宣傳材料必須切合于他們的文化意識。

例如,在美國,這種宣傳運動不得不為其龐大的講西班牙語的人口、不得不為其土著美國人和非洲裔美國公民製作特殊的宣傳材料。在歐洲,各種各樣的亞裔人、近東人和北美洲少數民族毫無疑問獲得了這種特殊對待的預防宣傳材料,而且近來,從東歐流入的合法的和不合法的移民也需要我們做出新的努力,來適應他們的語言和文化傳統。同時,歐盟為每一個國家逐一制定了公民免費宣傳運動。這樣一來,在歐洲,多語言宣傳途徑普遍展開。就每一個國家的情形來看,人們正在討論“安全性行為”知識必須為特殊的文化需要量體裁衣。預防宣傳的原理運用到了各個國家,並且每一個有少數民族的國家應當找到自己的解決方案。另一方面,通過學習其他國家的經驗,也可以多快好省地開展自己的運動。

美國的兩個宣傳案例
為亞裔男同性戀者製作的特殊安全性行為指南(左)和對非洲裔男同性戀者製作的指南(右)。
Two  examples from the USA
Specific guidelines for gay Asian Americans (left) and for gay African Americans (right) - Click on picture.

 Safer Sex - Problems of Safer Sex Promotion

Cultural Problems - Ethnic Problems
Many countries have ethnic minorities. They may have always lived there, or they have immigrated, or are still immigrating today. In any case, they are - and want to be - recognizable as minorities, because, to a greater or lesser extent, they maintain their original language and culture which may be quite different from that of the majority. Obviously, any comprehensive AIDS prevention campaign must try to reach ethnic minorities in their own language and with materials appropriate to their cultural sensibilities.

For example, in the USA the campaigns had to develop special materials for its large Spanish-speaking population, for its Native American and African-American citizens, and for its various Asian communities. In Europe, various Asian, Near-Eastern and North-African minorities had to be reached, and the recent influx of legal and illegal immigrants from Eastern Europe required new efforts to reach them as well. At the same time, the European Union brought free movement for its citizens from each member country to any other. As a result, multilingual approaches have become common in Europe. In each instance, the “safer sex “ message has to be tailored to the particular culture in question. This principle applies everywhere, and each country with ethnic minorities must find its own solution. On the other hand, it may also save time and money by learning from the experience of others.

 

[Course 4] [Description] [How to use it] [Introduction] [Curable STDs] [Incurable STDs] [STD Prevention] [Abstinence] [Safer Sex] [Additional Reading] [Examination]