|
|
*[ii] |
Sexual Restraint |
ASE[iii] |
I[iv] |
Alternative Codes |
SCCS |
||||||||||
GE |
BL |
GL |
BA |
GA |
B |
G |
Sch[viii] |
ks[ix] |
Trans.[x] |
GD[xi] |
|||||
1* |
Nama Hottentot |
2 |
2 |
3- |
3- |
3 |
3 |
8 |
5 |
d5, 3 |
|
9+ |
E |
2/1 |
0/0/0 |
2* |
!Kung Bushmen |
3+ |
3+ |
3+ |
3+ |
4 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
|
3 |
13+ |
|
0/2 |
0/0/0 |
3* |
Thonga |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
G2 |
|
- |
C |
-/? |
-/-/0 |
4* |
Lozi |
3- |
3- |
3- |
3- |
2 |
2 |
6 |
4 |
G3 |
|
11- |
|
0/-2 |
0/0/0 |
5* |
Mbundu |
3+ |
3+ |
3+ |
3+ |
3+ |
3+ |
5 |
5 |
|
2 |
13+ |
|
0/0 |
0/0/0 |
6* |
Suku |
- |
- |
3- |
3- |
3 |
3+ |
2 |
2 |
B4 |
|
- |
|
-/1-2 |
-/0/1 |
7* |
Bemba |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
- |
|
-/? |
-/-/0 |
8* |
Nyakyusa |
2+ |
2+ |
2 |
3- |
3 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
G3 |
|
9+ |
|
(-1)-1/3-1 |
0/2/0 |
9* |
Hadza/Kindiga |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2- |
2- |
8 |
8 |
|
|
8 |
|
0/-1 |
0/0/0 |
10* |
Luguru |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
D2 |
|
8 |
|
0/0 |
0/0/0 |
11* |
Kikuyu |
2+ |
3 |
3 |
4- |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
12 |
|
2/3-1 |
2/2/0 |
12* |
Ganda |
3- |
3- |
3- |
3- |
2 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
|
1 |
11- |
F |
0/(-2)-1 |
0/0/3 |
13* |
Mbuti |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
8 |
8 |
|
1 |
8 |
|
0/0 |
0/0/0 |
14* |
Nkundo Mongo |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3- |
2 |
8 |
8 |
|
|
8 |
|
0/2-0 |
0/0/-2 |
15* |
Banen |
2- |
2- |
2+ |
2+ |
3+ |
4 |
4 |
1 |
|
|
8 |
|
2/3-5 |
0/0/2 |
16* |
Tiv |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
|
-/- |
-/-/- |
17* |
Ibo/Igbo |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
- |
4 |
- |
2 |
|
|
9 |
|
0-3/3(g) |
0/3/? |
18* |
Fon/Dahomey |
2 |
2 |
3- |
3 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
|
3 |
10- |
|
2-3/4-3 |
0/1/0 |
19* |
Ashanti/Twi |
2 |
2+ |
3 |
3+ |
3+ |
4- |
2 |
2 |
G3 |
|
11- |
AB |
3/1 |
1/1/1 |
20* |
Mende |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
4- |
5 |
2 |
d4,1 |
|
12 |
|
0/(-3)-2 |
0/0/5 |
21* |
Wolof |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3+ |
4 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
12+ |
C |
0-1/3-2 |
0/1/0 |
22* |
Bambara |
2 |
2 |
3- |
3+ |
2 |
2 |
8 |
8 |
D1 |
|
10 |
|
2-4/(-2)-(-4) |
0/2/0 |
23* |
Tallensi |
2 |
2 |
2+ |
2+ |
2 |
3- |
8 |
8 |
|
1 |
11- |
|
1/(-1)-1 |
0/0/2 |
24 |
Songhai |
2+ |
2+ |
3 |
3+ |
2 |
2 |
8 |
2 |
|
|
11 |
|
2-3/(-3)-(-4) |
0/1/0 |
25* |
Pastoral Fulani |
1 |
1 |
3- |
3 |
2- |
2- |
8 |
8 |
|
|
8- |
|
4-5/(-3)-(-2) |
0/1/0 |
26* |
Hausa |
2 |
2 |
2+ |
3- |
4+ |
4+ |
4 |
4 |
|
|
9 |
|
1-2/6-5 |
0/1/0 |
27 |
Massa (Masa) |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3- |
2 |
2 |
8 |
8 |
|
|
9- |
|
0-2/0-(-2) |
0/2/0 |
28* |
Azande |
2 |
- |
2+ |
3+ |
2- |
2- |
7 |
7 |
B? |
|
- |
|
1-?/(-2)-(-1) |
?/3/0 |
29 |
Fur (Darfur) |
2- |
2 |
2- |
2 |
2- |
2- |
8 |
8 |
|
|
7+ |
|
0/0-(-1) |
1/1/0 |
30* |
Otoro Nuba |
2+ |
2+ |
3 |
3 |
2+ |
3 |
4 |
2 |
D2 |
|
11- |
|
2/-2-0 |
0/0/2 |
31 |
Shilluk |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
8 |
|
0/? |
0/0/- |
32 |
Mao |
2+ |
3- |
2+ |
3+ |
- |
4- |
2 |
2 |
|
|
11- |
|
0-2/1(g) |
1/3/? |
33* |
Kaffa (Kafa) |
2+ |
3 |
3 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
|
13+ |
|
2-5/3-(-2) |
2/5/0 |
34* |
Masai |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B5 |
|
8 |
CE |
0/? |
0/0/- |
35 |
Konso |
2+ |
3 |
3 |
3+ |
3- |
3- |
6 |
6 |
|
|
12- |
|
2-1/-1-(-2) |
2/1/0 |
36* |
Somali |
3 |
3+ |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
13+ |
|
0-2/3-0 |
1/3/0 |
37* |
Amhara |
2 |
2 |
3+ |
4- |
2 |
2 |
6 |
1 |
|
|
11 |
|
4-5/-4-(-5) |
0/1/0 |
38 |
Bogo |
3 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
- |
4 |
- |
1 |
|
|
14 |
|
0/0(g) |
3/3/? |
39* |
Kenuzi Nubians/ Barabra |
2 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
3+ |
4 |
4 |
1 |
|
|
14 |
|
3-2/1-(-2) |
6/5/2 |
40* |
Teda |
- |
- |
3 |
4 |
3- |
4 |
4 |
1 |
|
|
- |
|
?/-1-0 |
?/3/2 |
41* |
Tuareg/Ahaggaren |
2 |
2 |
2+ |
2+ |
2 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
9- |
|
1/-1 |
0/0/0 |
SCCSno. |
|
Date |
Focus |
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. |
Nama Hottentot Kung Bushmen Thonga Lozi Mbundu Suku Bemba Nyakyusa Hadza Luguru Kikuyu Ganda Mbuti Nkundo Mongo Banen Tiv Ibo Fon Ashanti Mende Wolof Bambara Tallensi Songhai Pastoral Fulani Hausa Massa (Masa) Azande Fur (Darfur) Otoro Nuba Shilluk Mao Kaffa (Kafa) Masai Konso Somali Amhara Bogo Kenuzi Nubians Teda Tuareg |
1860 1950 1865 1900 1890 1920 1897 1934 1930 1925 1920 1875 1950 1930 1935 1920 1935 1890 1895 1945 1950 1902 1934 1940 1951 1900 1910 1905 1880 1930 1910 1939 1905 1900 1935 1900 1953 1855 1900 1950 1900 |
Gei/Khauan tribe Nyai Nyae region Ronga subtribe Ruling Luyana Bailundo subtribe Feshi territory lineage center Zambia branch Age villages of Mwaya and Masoko Tribe Morogoro District Fort Hall or Metume district Kyaddondo district (V: Kampala) Epulu net-hunters, Ituri forest Ilanga group Ndiki subtribe Tar of Benue Province E. Isu-Ana group of South Ibo City and environs of Abomey Kumasi State Vicinity of town of Bo Upper and lower Salum in Gambia Segou to Tribe Bamba division Wodaabe of Niger Zazzagawa of Zaria Around Yagoua in Cameroon Yambio Chiefdom Jebel Marra Nuba Hills Kingdom Northern division Kingdom Kisonko or S. Masai of Tanzania Town of Buso Dolbahanta clan or subtribe Gondar district Tribe Kenuzi Nubians of Dahmit Nomads of Tibesti Ahaggaren tribe |
Janssen,
D. F., Growing Up Sexually.
Last revised: Sept 2004
[i] Grey color (N=16) signifies data for only one, or none, phase, making curricular arguments impossible.
[ii] Coverage in Atlas. Lateral remarks may be made on nonindicated societies.
[iii] Adolescent sexual expression, acc. ibid., orig. scale
[iv] Initiations, “intended for or clearly results in the initiation of [hetero]sexual relations”, according to Schlegel, A. & Barry III, H. (1979) Adolescent initiation ceremonies: a cross-cultural code, Ethnology 18,2:199-210. D=both genders. Timing (b,g): (1) “before genital maturation”, (2) “at the first signs of genital maturation”, (3) “at” genital maturation, (4) “within one year of genital maturation”, (5) “later” than this, (?) unspecified.
[v] Barry, H. III, Josephson, E. et al. (1976) Traits inculcated in childhood: cross-cultural codes 5, Ethnology 15:83-114 [p84-93]. BE=Boys, early childhood; GL= Girls, late childhood [etc.]
[vi] Barry, H. III & Schlegel, A. (1984) Measurements of adolescent sexual behavior in the standard sample of societies, Ethnology 23,4:315-29. Adolescent sexual restraint, BA=Boys, adolescence [etc.]. Readapted from nonrestraint measure to 1-5 scale.
[vii] Selected variables: (1) sex talk in front of children (SCCS); (2) sex talk open except in front of children (SCCS); (3) nonhygienic intergenerational genital touching (acc DJ); (5) “sexuality” (“sexual capacity or attractiveness”) “principle focus” of the ceremony; b=boy, g=girl (SCCS)
[viii] Summation of BE, GE, BL and GL, + and – counted as 0.33; theoretical range 4-20
[ix] Sexual activity of children, as adapted from Ford and Beach (1951) by De Leeuwe, J. (1970) Society system and sexual life, Bijdr Taal- Land- & Volkenk 126:1-36, see p28-32. A= wholly and explicitly forbidden; B= (some) sexual activities forbidden to children, but premarital heterosexual activities permitted to persons other than children; C= coition forbidden for the period before puberty; E= wholly and explicitly permitted; F= children are permitted to be present during sexual activities of older persons and/or are allowed to participate in older people’s conversation on sexual matters
[x] Sexual restraint transitionality. x=both genders, a-b=boy-girl; i/ii=early to late childhood/late childhood to adolescence
[xi] Gender Differences in sexual restraint. x=SRboy<SRgirl; a/b/c=Ech/LCh/A