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性反应-4相性反应周期
The
Sexual Response
- 4 Phases of Response
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为何分4相性反应周期？
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当将性反应划分为4相的时间，我们走一条科学传统的捷径，就像下述的那样可能武断了一点。
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Albert Moll
(1862-1939) |
当代，亚尔波特·摩尔（Albert Moll
）在他的“儿童的性生活”（1909）的著作里第一次分析和描述了性反应周期。他也提出了性反应4相周期划分模式：
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1. 性欲快感激发期，
2.
快感平稳感受期，
3.
性欲快感颠峰期，
4.
骤然释放期。
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Wilhelm Reich
(1897-1957) |
后来，威廉·赖希（奥地利心理分析家，他的理论认为性压抑是许多心理问题和社会问题的根源
——译者注）在他的著作《性高潮的功能》([1927]
1942)里提出了不同的描述：
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1. 机械性紧张期，
2. 生物电荷载期，
3. 生物电释放期，
4.
机械性松弛期。
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William H. Masters
(1915-2001)
Virginia Johnson
(1925-) |
晚近，威廉
H.玛斯特斯（William H. Masters）和维吉尼亚·约翰逊
（Virginia Johnson）在他们的著作《人类的性反应》（1966）将它们重新标定如下时相：
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1. 兴奋期，
2.
平台期，
3.
高潮期，
4.
消退期。
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另外，他们引入了第5时相
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不应期。
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以下的有关男女性反应的描述基于4相划分，由玛斯特斯和约翰逊提出。虽然将来有非常充分的理由可以将性反应时相划分得更好和提出深奥微妙的术语来，就目前实际应用来说，玛斯特斯和约翰逊的模式是完全合适的。
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Why four
phases?
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When we divide the sexual response cycle into four phases - arbitrary as this may be - we follow a convenient scientific tradition.
In
modern times, the sexual response cycle
was first analyzed and described by Albert Moll
in
his study "The Sexual Life of the
Child" (1909). He also proposed its
division into four major phases:
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1.
the
onset of voluptuousness,
2.
the
equable voluptuous sensation,
3.
the
voluptuous acme, and
4.
the
sudden decline
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Later, Wilhelm Reich offered a
different description in his book
"The Function of the Orgasm"
([1927] 1942):
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1.
mechanical
tension ,
2.
bioelectric
charge
3.
bioelectric
discharge, and
4.
mechanical
relaxation
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More recently, William H. Masters and Virginia Johnson, in their book “Human Sexual Response” (1966) relabeled these phases as
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1.
excitement
, 2.
plateau
,
3.
orgasm, and 4.
resolution）.
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In addition, they have introduced the concept of a fifth phase, the
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refractory
period .
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The following descriptions of the female and male sexual responses are based on the four-phases division proposed by Masters and Johnson. Although there may very well be room for finer distinctions and a more sophisticated terminology in the future, the Masters and Johnson model is quite adequate for our present purposes.
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