附錄 III. 全面的性教育特色

中文翻譯：彭曉輝(中國 武漢 華中師範大學生命科學學院，430079)完成時間：2006年3月
Translator：Xiaohui Peng (Life Science College of CCNU, Wuhan, 430079, China)
校   對：吳敏倫(中國 香港 香港大學醫學院)完成時間：2006年8月

全面的性知識教育具有下述主要目標：

性教育超出了純粹獲得知識和內容的範圍，它應該引導人們培養有判斷的思維，也應該引導人們對性取肯定的態度。

通過性教育的培育過程，個人能夠終生把自己認知、認同和接納為一個有性別和性感的生命體，對性沒有憂慮、沒有恐懼和沒有內疚感。

在基於人權的價值規範之內，發展人與人之間相互尊重和平等關係的性角色。

促進親密關係形成的價值觀和超越雙方關係的人際關係情感聯繫。

倡議對自我體像的自知之明，把這種自知之明作為自尊和衛生保健的因素。

鼓勵對己和對人的快樂、理解、自由和負責任的性行為。

促進夫婦和家人內的交往和溝通；促進不論性別和年齡的平等關係。

促進在家庭計畫、分娩和避孕藥具使用方面分擔責任。

促進在性傳播疾病的預防方面做出負責任的決定64。

近年來的評論認為，在有效性教育評估、預防青少年懷孕和HIV預防專案推行過程中，發現優質的性教育專案65：

增長知識；

淨化價值觀念；

加強家長與孩子的溝通；

如果在青春期早期進行指導，將會幫助青年人推遲首次性交；

增加避孕藥和安全套/避孕套的使用；

不支持青年人發生性交；

未增加性行為的發生率。

這些評論也描述了有效的性教育專案的共同特徵。尤其是它們：

針對特殊的行為；

是基於行為改變的理論模型所展開的；

提供有關未受保護的性行為和如何降低危險的知識；

給學生提供機會以練習生活技能和討論他們認為有意義的和現實的社會環境；

講解媒體、同伴、文化如何對青少年性行為和做決定產生影響；

在學生中間培養和強化節欲和自我保護的信心和價值觀念，鼓勵他們做出節欲和/或自我保護的決定；

為學生提供練習人際交流與鍛煉協商技能的機會；

現時，在拉丁美洲有一個性教育推廣試驗。因為，有人建議在北美洲的性教育專案積累的成功經驗應該用於拉丁美洲。當然，前提是這些項目：

在文化上是易被接納的和適當的；

確保完全貫徹所有有關的教育大綱、實施和評估過程；

發揚諸如平等、尊重和負責任這樣的社會價值觀；

使受教育者理解性行為的社會背景。

Appendix III. Characteristics of Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Comprehensive sexuality information has the following primary goals:

More that the mere acquisition of knowledge and contents, sexuality education should lead to the development of critical thinking leading to the attainment of positive attitudes toward sexuality.

To foster the process through which the individual may recognize, identify and accept him/herself as a sexed and sexual being all through out the life cycle, free from anxiety, fear and guilt feelings.

To foster the development of gender roles that promote respectful and equitable relations between human beings, within a framework of values based on human rights.

To promote the value of the bonding and affective component of human relations beyond dyadic relations.

To promote self-knowledge in relation to the body, as a factor of self-esteem and health care

To foster pleasurable, conscious, free and responsible sexual behavior towards one self and others

To promote communication within couples and families, promoting equitable relationships, regardless of sex and age.

To promote shared responsible behavior in regards to family planning, childbearing and the use of contraceptives.

To promote responsible decisions in the prevention of STIs ⁶⁴.

Recent reviews of evaluations of effective sexuality education, teenage pregnancy prevention, and HIV prevention programs have found that quality sexuality education programs ⁶⁵:

Increase knowledge.

Clarify values.

Increase parent-child communication.

Help young people delay the initiation of sexual intercourse, if directed at young adolescents.

Increase the use of contraception and condoms.

Do not encourage young people to begin intercourse and

Do not increase the frequency of sexual intercourse.

These reviews also describe common characteristics of effective programs. Specifically, they:

Target specific behaviors.

Are based on a theoretical model for behavior change.

Provide information about the risks of unprotected sexual intercourse and how to reduce risk.

Provide students with an opportunity to practice skills and discuss situations that they find meaningful and realistic.

Address the influence of the media, peers, and culture on teenagers' sexual behaviors and decisions.

Develop and reinforce beliefs and values among students that support their decisions to be abstinent and/or to protect themselves; and

Include opportunities for students to practice communication and negotiation skills.

There is an extensive experience in sexuality education programs in Latin America. It is suggested that the evidence accumulated on effectiveness of sexuality education programs in North America could be applied to the Latin American countries if these programs:

Are culturally sensitive and appropriate.

Ensure the full participation of all involved in design, implementation and evaluation processes.

Promote social values such as equity, respect and responsibility.

Provide an understanding of the social context of sexual behavior.

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