Course 1
Four Phases
Why Four?
Why Four Phases?

性反應-4相性反應週期
 The Sexual Response - 4 Phases of Response
為何分4相性反應週期？
當將性反應劃分為4相的時間，我們走一條科學傳統的捷徑，就像下述的那樣可能武斷了一點。
Albert Moll (1862-1939)

當代，亞爾波特·摩爾（Albert Moll）在他的“兒童的性生活”（1909）的著作裏第一次分析和描述了性反應週期。他也提出了性反應4相週期劃分模式：
1. 性欲快感激發期，
2. 快感平穩感受期，
3. 性欲快感顛峰期，
4. 驟然釋放期。
Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957)

後來，威廉·賴希（奧地利心理分析家，他的理論認為性壓抑是許多心理問題和社會問題的根源
——譯者注）在他的著作《性高潮的功能》([1927] 1942)裏提出了不同的描述：
1. 機械性緊張期，
2. 生物電荷載期，
3. 生物電釋放期，
4. 機械性鬆弛期。
William H. Masters
(1915-2001)
Virginia Johnson
(1925-)

晚近，威廉 H.瑪斯特斯（William H. Masters）和維吉尼亞·詹森 （Virginia Johnson）在他們的著作《人類的性反應》（1966）將它們重新標定如下時相：
1. 興奮期，
2. 平臺期，
3. 高潮期，
4. 消退期。
另外，他們引入了第5時相
不應期。
以下的有關男女性反應的描述基於4相劃分，由瑪斯特斯和詹森提出。雖然將來有非常充分的理由可以將性反應時相劃分得更好和提出深奧微妙的術語來，就目前實際應用來說，瑪斯特斯和詹森的模式是完全合適的。
Why four phases?
When we divide the sexual response cycle into four phases - arbitrary as this may be - we follow a convenient scientific tradition.

In modern times, the sexual response cycle was first analyzed and described by Albert Moll in his study "The Sexual Life of the Child" (1909). He also proposed its division into four major phases:

1. the onset of voluptuousness,                                                                                                   
2. the equable voluptuous sensation,                                                                                         
3. the voluptuous acme, and                                                                                                        
4. the sudden decline                                                                                                                   
Later, Wilhelm Reich offered a different description in his book "The Function of the Orgasm" ([1927] 1942):
1.  mechanical tension ,                                                                                                               
2.  bioelectric charge
3.  bioelectric discharge, and
4.  mechanical relaxation                                                                                                             
More recently, William H. Masters and Virginia Johnson, in their book “Human Sexual Response” (1966) relabeled these phases as
1. excitement ,                                                                                                                                2.  plateau ,                                                                                                                                     3.  orgasm, and                                                                                                                              4.  resolution）.                                                                                                                             
In addition, they have introduced the concept of a fifth phase, the                                         
refractory period .                                                                                                                         
The following descriptions of the female and male sexual responses are based on the four-phases division proposed by Masters and Johnson. Although there may very well be room for finer distinctions and a more sophisticated terminology in the future, the Masters and Johnson model is quite adequate for our present purposes.
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