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Additional refs.
Cinema: Tomato Kechappu Kôtei / Emperor Tomato-Ketchup (Shuji Terayama, 1970?) [note: compiler has no knowledge of the current legal status of the work, and has not reviewed it in person]
Link:
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Janssen,
D. F., Growing Up Sexually.
Last revised: Nov 2005
[1] E.g., Asayama, Sh. (1949) Sexual Behavior of the Present-Day Japanese Students; Asayama, Sh. (1957) Comparison of sexual development of American and Japanese adolescents, Psychologia 1:129-31; Asayama, Sh. (1975) Adolescent sexual development and adult sex behavior in Japan, J Sex Res 11,2:91-112; Asayama, Sh. (1976) Sexual behavior in Japanese students: comparisons for 1974, 1960 and 1952, Arch Sex Behav 5,5:371-90; Asayama, Sh. (1980) Existing state and future trend of sexuality in Japanese students, in Forleo, R. & Pasini, W. (Eds.) Medical Sexology. Amsterdam [etc.]: Elsevier, p114-30
[2] E.g., Hatano, Y. (1991) Changes in the sexual activities of Japanese youth J Sex & Educ Ther 17,1:1-14; Hatano, Y. (1993) Sexual activities of Japanese youth, J Sex & Educ Ther 19,2:131-44
[3] Bauhain, C. & Tokitsu, K. (1984) Structures familiales et sexualité au Japon, à l’epoque moderne, Cahiers Int Sociol 31, 76:71-90
[4] Mamiya, T. (1956) Sei-teki hattatsu no rinkaiki ni kansuru mondai: Chukan hokoku [Problem of the critical period of psychosexual development], Jap J Educ Psychol 4:21-7
[5] Iwawaki, S. & Vandewiele, M. (1989) L’Etre humain dessiné par les écoliers Japonais de sept à douze ans, Cahiers de Sociol Economique & Culturelle, Ethnopsychol 12:119-42
[6] Herold, R. (1985) Geschlechtsreife und Legitimation zur Zeugung (Jugend, Sexualität und Heiratsverhalten im Japan der Tokugawa- und Meji-Zeit, in Müller, E. W. (Ed.) Geschlechtsreife und Legitimation zur Zeugung. München: K. Alber, p683-716
[7] Batchelor, J. (1892) The Ainu of Japan.
[8] Walch, Roger (1996) Sexualerziehung in
[9] DeMause, L. (1991) The Universality of Incest, J Psychohist 19,2:123-164
[10] John Connor, Takie Sugiyama Lebra, George DeVos and Alan Roland, personal communications.
[11] Hendry, J. (1986) Becoming Japanese. The World of the Pre-School Child. Manchester: Manchester University Press, p21, 44; Mizushima Kanae, Shinshitsu Haibun ni Miru Oyako no shinsosei [Parent-child intimacy as seen in sleeping arrangements]
[12] Kitahara, “Childhood in Japanese Culture”, p54 [cit. infra]
[13] Lebra, Japanese Women, p176-80 [cit. infra]
[14] Coleman, S. (1983) Family Planning in Japanese Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p177, finds most families respond to questions about why they have sex in the same bed with children by saying it would be “selfish” not to do so.
[15] DeMause, L. (nd) The Emotional Life of Nations. Karnac Books, Limited, UK. Online ed., ch. 7
[16] See also Adams, K. A. & Hill, L. Jr. (1997) The phallic female in Japanese group-fantasy, J Psychohist 25,1:33-66
[17] Smith, R. J. & Wiswell, E. L. (1982) The Women of Suye Mura. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, p68-72; Haring, D. G. (1956) Aspects of Personal Character in Japan, in Haring, D. G. (Ed.) Personal Character and Cultural Milieu. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, p416; Bornoff, Pink Samurai, p76 [cit. infra]
[18] Gregersen, E. (1983) Sexual Practices: The Story of Human Sexualiy. New York: FranklinWatts, p246
[19] Kitahara, “Childhood in Japanese Culture”, p56 [cit. infra]
[20] Kitahara, "Incest-Japanese Style”, p446 [cit. infra]
[21] Adams, K. A. & Hill, L. Jr. (2000) The Phallic Planet, J Psychohist 28:[p33]
[22] Ibid., p31
[23] Adams & Hill, Jr., “Castration Anxiety in Japanese Group-Fantasies”, cit. infra; Adams & Hill Jr. (2000), cit. supra; Rosenman, S. (2000) The Spawning Grounds of the Japanese Rapists of Nanking, J Psychohist 28:2-23
[24] DeMause, L. (1994) The History of Childhood as the History of Child Abuse, Aesthema 11:48-62 / DeMause, L. (1998) The History of Child Abuse, J Psychohist 25,3:216-36
[25] Albert, M. & Buschan, G. (1921) Handbuch der Sexualwissenschaften. 2nd ed. Leipzig: Vogel
[26] Drew, D. & Drake, J. (1969) Boys for Sale. New York: Brown Book Co.
[27] Connor, J. W. (1976) Family bonds, maternal closeness, and the suppression of sexuality in three generations of Japanese Americans, Ethos 4,2:189-221
[28] Caudill, W. & Plath, D. (1974) Who sleeps by whom? Parent-child involvement in urban Japanese families, in Levine, R. A. (Ed.) Culture and Personality. Chicago: Aldine, p125-54
[29] Op.cit.
[30] Edwardes, A. & Masters, R. E. L. (1961) The Cradle of Erotica. New York: The Julian Press. See also p136, 290
[31] Maretzki, Th. W. & Maretzki, H. (1963) Taira: an Okinawan village, in Whiting, B. B. (Ed.) Six Cultures: Studies of Child Rearing. New York: John Wiley & Sons, p367-539
[32] Cornell, J. B. & Smith R. J.
(1956) Two Japanese Villages. Ann
Arbor: University Press of
[33] Lebra, T. S. (1985) Japanese Women. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
[34] Kitahara, M. (1989) Incest - Japanese Style, J Psychohist 16,4:445-50
[35] Adams, K. A. & Hill, L. (1999) Castration Anxiety in Japanese Group-Fantasies, J Psychohist 26:779-809
[36] Pitts, F. R. (1955) Post-war Okinawa. Washington D.C.: National Research Council, Pacific Science Board
[37] “The only aspect of life that seems to be deliberately withheld from them is sex. They are told that babies come out of their mothers’ knees, and although they may overhear a good deal about the sexual relationships of different people and the difficulties that result from them, they are given no notion of the nature of sex”.
[38] “The terms for the sex organs, tani, “penis”, and hoo, “vulva”, are used rather freely by older persons, but children are expected to use them only for serious purposes. It is said that if children used the terms repeatedly in joking they might be scolded for “dirty talk”. An old woman once told me, in the presence of several younger women and a twelve-year-old girl, an amusing story about an old woman who always sat with her kimono pulled up and was therefore called “Hoo-Hai Ayaa”, “Mother Vulva-Visible”. Everyone laughed but the girl, who looked rather embarrassed. After the battle in 1945 when American food was issued in quantities, Okinawans became familiar with wiener sausages, which they still remember with relish as tani-gwaa, “little penises”. As in Japanese, the word for sexual relations is formed by adding the verb “to do” to the word for vulva. This term would not be used before children or in polite conversation.
[39] Maloney (1945:p392). See Maloney, J. C. (1945) Psychiatric Observations in Okinawa Shima, Psychiatry 8:391–9
[40] Bernstein, G. L. (1978) Women in rural Japan, in Lebra, J. et al. (Eds.) Women in Changing Japan. Standford, CA: Stanford University Press, p25-49
[41] Hatano, Y, & Shimazaki, T. (1997) Japan, in Francoeur, R. T. (Ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality. New York: Continuum, Vol. 2. Quoted from the online edition. See also Hatano, Y. (1988) Sexualerziehung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Japan, In N. Eicher, et al. (Eds.) Praktische Sexual Medizin. Verlag Medical Tribune, pp. 34-42
[42] Bornoff, N. (1991) Pink Samurai. London: Grafton. New York [etc.]: Pocket Books
[43] Hirayama, H. & Hirayama, K. K. (1986) The sexuality of Japanese Americans, J Soc Work & Hum Sex 4,3:81-98
[44] Smith, P. A. (1912) Sex education in Japan, J Educ Psychol 3,5:257-63
[45] Frühstük, S. (2000) Managing the Truth
of Sex in Imperial Japan, J Asian Studies 59,2:332-58. Cited by Smits,
G. J., in Making Japanese. Unpublished textbook,
[46] Managing the Truth, op.cit., p342
[47] Norback, E. & Norbeck, M. ([1956]) Child training in a Japanese village, in Haring, D. G. (Ed.) Personal Character and Cultural Milieu. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. 3rd. Ed., p651-73
[48] Norbeck, E. (1954) Takashima, a Japanese Fishing Community.
[49] DeMause, L. (1991) The Universality of Incest, J Psychohist 19,2:123-164
[50] Kitahara, M. (1989) Childhood in Japanese Culture, J Psychohist 17,1:43-72
[51] Ihara, S. (1972 [c1680) Comrade Loves of the Samurai. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Co.; Frederic, L. (1972) Daily Life in Japan at the Time of the Samurai. London: George Allen & Unwin; Shiveley, D. H. (1970) Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the Gewoku Shogun, in Craig, A. M. & Shiveley, D. H. (Eds.) Personality in Japanese History. Berkeley: University of California Press; Varley, H. P. (1970) The Samurai. London: Widenfeld & Nicolson; Buruma, I. (1984) Behind the Mask. On Sexual Demons, Sacred Mothers, Transvestites, Gangsters, Drifters and Other Japanese Cultural Heroes. New York: Pantheon; Childs, M. (1977) Japan’s Homosexual Heritage, Gai Saber 1: 41-45; Marc, D. (1949) Les amants du soleil levant, Arcadie 66: 356-51; Saikaku, I. (1972) Tales of the Samurai. Tokyo: Tuttle; Krauss, F. S. (1911) Das Geschlechtsleben in Glauben, Sitte, Brauch und Gewohnheit der Japaner. Second Ed. Leipzig: Ithnologischer Verlag; Scott, G. R. (1941) Phallic Worship. London: Torchstream Books, p228; Czaja, M. (1974) Gods of Wyth and Stone. Phallicism in Japanese Folk Religion. New York: Weatherhill; Pflugfelder, G. M. (1999) Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600-1950. Berkeley: University of California Press; DeMause (1991)
[52] For the age of geisha, one is to consult De Becker, J. E. ([1899]) The Nightless City, or The History of the Yoshiwara Yukwaku. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Thttle Co.; and Dalby, L. C. (1983) Geisha. Berkeley: University of California Press, p197; Schalow, P. G. (1989) Male Love in Early Modern Japan: A Literary Depiction of the “Youth”, in Duberman, M. B., Vicinus, M. & Chauncey, Jr., G. (Eds.) Hidden From History. Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past. New York: New American Library, p118-28. Cf. Schalow, P. G. (1993) The Invention of a Literary Tradition of Male Love. Kitamura Kigin’s Iwatsutsuji, Monumenta Nipponica 48,1:1-31; Saikaku, I. (1995) Gay Tales of the Samurai. San Francisco: Alamo Square Press; De Vos and Mizushima, in De Vos [et al.] (1973:p269), cit. infra
[53] De Vos and Wagatsuma, in De Vos [et al.] (1973:p268), cit. infra
[54] De Becker, op.cit.
[55] Hara, H. & Minagawa, M. (1986) Japanische Kindheit seit 1600, in Martin, J. & Nitschke, Au. (Eds.) Zur Sozialgeschichte der Kindheit. München: Verlag K. Alber, p113-89, see p146
[56]Leupp, G. P. (1995) Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in
Tokugawa
[57] Schalow, P. G. (1990) Samurai, in Dynes, W. R. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. New York & London: Garland Publ. Inc.Vol II, p1149-50
[58] Cf. Carpenter, E. (1914) Intermediate Types among Primitive Folk. American ed. New York, Mitchell Kennerley, ch. 8
[59] Watanabe, T. & Iwata, J. (1987) The Love of the Samurai. A Thousand Years of Japanese Homosexuality. London: GMP Publishers; Saikaku, I. (1990) The Great Mirror of Male Love. Stanford: Stanford University Press
[60] Tonomura, H. (1994) Black Hair and Red Trousers: Gendering the Flesh in Medieval Japan, Am Hist Rev 99,1:129-54
[61] Childs, M. H. (1980) Chigo Monogatari. Love Stories or Buddhist Sermons? Monumenta Nipponica 35,2:127-51. Adapted from author’s 1978 MA thesis. Referred to by Payne, R. K. (1999) At Midlife in Medieval Japan, Jap J Religious Stud 26,1–2:135-57; and Pflugfelder, G. M. (1992) Strange Fates. Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Torikaebaya Monogatari, Monumenta Nipponica 47,3:347-68, at p365-6; and Brock, K. L. (1995) The Shogun’s “Painting Match”, Monumenta Nipponica 50,4:433-84, at p471; and Allen, L. W. (1995) Images of the Poet Saigyo as Recluse, J Jap Stud 21,1:65-102, at p79; and Guth Ch. M. E. (1987) The Divine Boy in Japanese Art, Monumenta Nipponica 42,1:1-23, at p 16, 18. Cf. Childs, M. H. (1996) The story of Kannon’s manifestation as a youth, in Miller, S. (Ed.) Partings at Dawn: An Anthology of Japanese Gay Literature. San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press; Childs, M. H. (1985) Kyôgen-kigo: Love Stories as Buddhist Sermons, Jap J Religious Stud 12,1:91-104
[62] Screech, T. (1996) The Boys of Kansei. AAS Abstracts, Japan Session 9, at http://www.aasianst.org/absts/1996abst/japan/j9.htm
[63] Saeki, J. (1996) Male Homosexuality in Meiji Literature: Its Traditional Aspects and Change Through Meiji Modernization. AAS Abstracts, Japan Session 9, at http://www.aasianst.org/absts/1996abst/japan/j9.htm
[64] Helms, U. (2000) Obscenity and homosexual depiction in Japan, J Homosex 39,3-4:127-47
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[69] Wieringa, S. E. (2001) Silence,
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[70] Okada, R. (1989) A study of aberrant sexual delinquency in boys, Jap J Child & Adolesc Psychia 30,5:379-87; Tokushige, A. (1988) Sexual delinquency referred to family courts, Jap J Child & Adolesc Psychia 29,2: 91-4; Okada, R. (1987) A study of the recent increase in girls' sexual delinquency and aggressivity, Jap J Child & Adolesc Psychia 28,5:283-9; Ito, F. (1987) A study on female juveniles' sexual misconducts: I. Relationships between the extent of deviance in lifestyle and the types of sexual misconducts / II. An analysis of the background of sexual misconducts, Reports Nat Res Instit Police Sci [Japan] 28,1: 52-62; 28,1: 63-71; Kobayashi, J., Sales, B. D., Becker, J. V., Figueredo, Au. J. et-al. (1995) Perceived parental deviance, parent-child bonding, child abuse, and child sexual aggression, Sexual Abuse 7,1:25-44
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