Abbreviations used in An Encyclopedia of Male Homosexual Poetry (2002)
Abbreviations not listed here may be found in The Concise Oxford Dictionary, sixth edition, Oxford, 1976, edited by J. B. Sykes.
A.D. = after Christ (Latin, anno domini, “in the year of the lord”); refers to time counted in years from the birth of Christ) B.C. = before Christ; refers to time counted in years from before the birth of Christ bibl. = bibliography biog. = biography, biographical ca. = about, approximately (Latin, circa) Dr. = doctor ed. = edited by e. g. = for example (Latin, exempli gratia) et al. = and others (Latin, et alia) etc. = and the rest (Latin, et cetera) f. = footnote f. [when referring to a manuscript] = folio, page ff. = and pages following (used when the exact citation is not known) fl. = flourished, was active fr., frs. = fragment, fragments ibid. = the same book work, chapter, passage etc. (Latin, ibidem) n. = number no. = number op. cit. = in the work already quoted (Latin, opere citato) p. = page pp. = pages pseud. = pseudonym repr. = reprinted trans. = translator, translated or translation depending on the context UK = United Kingdom US = United State v. = volume vol. = volume
The Latin letters i = 1 ii = 2 iii = 3 iv = 4 v = 5 vi = 6 vii = 7 viii = 8 ix = 9 x = 10
Abbrevations for the States of the United States Abbreviations for the states of the United States (e. g., NY for New York State) are normally the first two initials of the name (e.g., CA for California, IN for Indiana) or, if the state consists of two words, the first initial of each word (e. g., NJ for New Jersey).
Dates The minus sign before a date (e.g., -1200BC) has been used to enable dates to be brought up in chronological order.
The plus sign after a date (e.g. -1200BC+) indicates the entry refers to dates afer the given date.
Fullstops have not been put in after abbreviations (e.g., B.C.; c.; fl.) when used after dates.
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