ISSN 1944 – 6683        

 

WACS Newsletter

 

Volume 3, No 1, March 30, 2010

 

Publisher: NG Man-Lun, M.D.

Advisor: RUAN Fangfu, M.D., Ph.D.

Chief Editor: DENG Mingyu, M.D., Ph.D.

 

 

World Association of Chinese Sexologists

Room 1801, 18/F, Capitol Centre, No. 5-19,

Jardine’s Bazaar, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong

Web: www.wacshome.net   E-mail: wacshk@gmail.com

 

International Association of Chinese Medical Specialists & Psychologists

36-40 Main St., #209, Flushing, New York 11354, USA.

Tel: (718) 321-8808, Fax: (718) 820-9320

Web: www.iacmsp.org   E-mail: iacmsp@gmail.com

 

 

 

Sex Rights in 2009: A Report on Greater China

 

Dr. Josephine Ho

Distinguished Professor, Center for the Study of Sexualities

National Central University, Taiwan

sex@ncu.edu.tw

 

Although the year 2009 saw no major sex-rights-related event impacting upon the greater Chinese world as pervasively as Hong Kong actor Edison Chen’s sex photo exposé did in 2008, there were several key issues that worked up similar reverberations in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, albeit with noticeable local differences.  As the issues are widely disseminated through the media and the Internet, local responses and continued struggles over these sex-rights issues may very well produce further repercussions in other regions in the future.

1. Hopeful developments in sex work rights:

Sex work rights groups grew out of local struggles in various locations of greater China more than a dozen years ago and have made impressive progress despite social stigma and state oppression.  Still, this year saw a series of malicious treatments of sex workers.  To begin with, Hong Kong’s obscenity sweeps allowed, even invited, the media to photograph women who were found to be without proper identity papers and thus suspected of conducting sexual transactions.  In mainland China, similar raids also resulted in photos of naked women and shamed johns shying away from the relentless gaze of the camera.  Taiwan’s effort to arrest illegal aliens suspected of doing sex work reproduced similar scenes of open humiliation.  In these cases, the state, working through the media and the police, forced alleged or actual sex workers to forfeit their basic rights to privacy and sexual self-determination.  Such acts of state violence have met with vehement protests from both sex rights groups as well as concerned netters, whose critique and resistance make up important developments in fighting discrimination and promoting sex rights for sex workers.

The most significant development in sex work rights is the Constitutional Court Interpretation #666 passed in Taiwan in 2009.  The interpretation clearly states that Article 80 of the Law to Uphold Social Order, which criminalizes public solicitation by sex workers, is unconstitutional because it penalizes only one of the two parties involved in sexual transaction, which happens to be (mostly female) sex workers.  As it clearly violates the constitutional mandate of gender equity, the existing article is to be stricken out in two years.  This monumental ruling thus opened the door to a general decriminalization of sex work.  Though conservative voices will certainly try to reverse or redirect this development and decriminalization is far from settled, the gesture of the Constitutional Court in removing legal obstacles to decriminalization has sent positive signals to sex work rights movements in all other Chinese-speaking areas.

On a related matter, obscenity sweeps in the Chinese world have depended upon the social consensus that pornography or sexually-explicit representations are harmful to the public in general and the young in particular.  A similar consensus exists in relation to sex work.  In recent years, sex work rights groups have successfully elaborated the dimensions of “labor” and “class” in relation to sex work, thus partially neutralizing its stigma.  Yet, negative evaluations of pornography have hardly been countered at all.  In the name of child protection, the right to sexual pleasure is put on hold, while the freedoms of expression and speech continue to suffer curtailment.  Sex rights discourses and movements need to take the issue of pornography and obscenity sweeps head on, lest the legitimacy of obscenity sweeps ends up blocking the decriminalization of sex work.

2. Channels of Information and Communication still suffer from Censorship and State Control:

The free flow of sex-related information has long been an important objective for sex rights activists.  At the beginning of the 20^th century, sex rights champions such as Margaret Sanger had to endure imprisonment in order to open up channels for information on contraception.  Later, such channels for information fell into the professional hands of the medical science and public health specialists.  It was the sex revolution in the second half of the 20^th century that challenged the authority of such specialists and their dominant discourses.  And now, with the advent of the Internet, new channels of information and communication have become available and accessible, thus allowing sexual negotiations and contact to range beyond the dictation of family, class, space, interpersonal circles, etc.  Unfortunately, stringent measures of control have also followed to circumscribe the new channels.

In the past few years, at the urging of conservative Christian groups actively advocating the cause of child protection, the Taiwan government instituted many new legislations and strengthened the enforcement of old ones that censor sexual information, representation, exchange, and negotiation both on the Internet and in the print and video media.  Since 1999, thousands have been subjected to the legal process and many ended in prison under the charge of dissemination of obscenities.  The ordeal they went through and the stigma they suffered testify to the relentless control exerted on freedom to information and expression in the sexual realm.  In 2009, state censorship further extended itself to cover the press, both print and electronic, which used to enjoy guaranteed freedom.  From now on, all news reports and advertisement must follow specific guidelines of propriety.  Any violation of existing guidelines faces severe fines or suspension of license of broadcast.  In the meantime, Christian groups in Hong Kong have also successfully persuaded the government to begin stringent censorship of sexual information and chatting on the Internet in the name of protecting youths from coming into contact with sexual transactions.  Any discussion of sex is regarded as pornographic; representations of homosexuality are considered “advocacy of homosexuality”; both are considered inappropriate for children and thus must be banned.  Such measures of extermination not only strangle the flow of sexual information and knowledge, but also distort public understanding of the realities of sex.

The most surprising development, however, took place in China. The government of PRC had planned to make it mandatory to install the so-called “Green Dam--Youth Escort” screening device in all newly manufactured computers in 2008.  The plan was eventually scrapped due to enforcement problems and widespread criticism.  Yet in July 2009, the government swiftly put into effect a new set of laws.  Now only government approved medical and health institutions are allowed to provide sex-related information on the Internet; conversely, all websites that provide sex-related information must first acquire permission from health departments on the provincial level of the government.  Furthermore, from now on, medical and health websites can be accessed only by those who are actually involved in clinical and scientific researches.  In other words, ordinary netizens will no longer be able to browse sexual-science-oriented health and medical websites. Channels for the dissemination of sexual information are to be highly regulated, monitored, and limited in access.  As these regulations apply to all Web content in relation to sexual psychology, sexual ethics, sexual medicine, and sex therapy, existing websites that have been working on proactive/preventive sex education are forced to shut down unless they meet the above-mentioned requirement.  Surveillance of sexual discussions and sexual information has become as severe as surveillance of political dissidence, which directly endangers the heritage and continued efforts in sexology, sex research, and sex rights.  As the forceful installment of various screening devices continues to interfere in the circulation of sexual information and knowledge, and threaten to spread to other areas, sexologists of the Chinese descent everywhere are urging the Chinese government to reverse this wrongly-conceived policy before more severe regressions follow.

In addition to official control of sex-related discourses, the Internet is not without its own forms of censorship and discrimination.  In Taiwan, certain BBSs forbid the posting of sexual invitations and sexually explicit nicknames or themes; others exclude discussions about nonconforming genders, sexual orientations, and positions on sexual issues.  In 2009, for example, the heterosexual-based Sex Board on the largest BBS website, PTT, was invaded by members of the Gay Board who had been politicized by the 2009 Gay Pride Parade.  Gay netizens posted articles on the Sex Board that directly challenged the latter’s heterosexual assumptions, and a verbal war broke out that involved thousands of postings over a period of a few days.  Though it may seem to be no more than verbal scuffles on the Internet, the debate exposed underlying prejudices and exclusions in the sexual realm.  Through this open exchange, however, sex rights ideas were introduced into the Sex Board, and netizens from both boards collaborated to host a face-to-face discussion that resulted in the Sex Board moving toward a diversity policy.  With the effort of a younger generation of gay activists, this event turned out to be a rare case of constructive exchange.

3. Gender Self-Determination and Gender Equity Forfeited on the Transgender Issue:

Feminism has been calling for gender boundary-crossing for many years and has won some room for women who choose to present themselves as gender-neutral or even masculine, evidenced by the huge success enjoyed by such entertainers in China and Taiwan in recent years (e.g., Lee Yu-Chuen in the former and Zhang Yuen-Jing in the latter).  On the other hand, effeminate men still suffer humiliation and contempt which often result in a self-incriminating sense of shame that carries paralyzing consequences.  In 2009, the performance of sissiness, as it is featured in the most popular talk show produced in Taiwan for the greater Chinese world, drew severe criticism from gays who refused to accept the queering strategy of the gay co-host of the show.  As the latter tried to ease the sexual stigma surrounding sissiness by jokingly naturalizing its presence in everyday life, many gays were fearful that the display of non-conforming masculinities, under whatever circumstances, would only amount to caricature and humiliation.  The dispute over queering strategies thus reveals the full weight of sexual stigma surrounding gender variance. 

The year 2009 saw the emergence of Chinese regulation of transsexuality. In the name of safeguarding the quality of medical services and safety of surgery for transgendered people, regulations governing SRS have extended the length of the waiting period before surgery, creating more stringent requirements that leave transgendered people solely under the auspice of the medical professionals.  The bylaw is silent on how transsexual subjects are to manage the discrepancy between their gender appearance and their daily-life identity during this long period of waiting; nor does the law offer any feasible ways to help individuals overcome the various difficulties encountered during the period of transition, from education to employment to identity papers.  In fact, the bylaw only aims to use a uniform procedure to “screen out” subjects “unqualified” for SRS.  Worse, this set of regulation not only upholds gender stereotypes, but also prescribes gender presentations for transsexuals.

Difficulties of a different kind regarding transsexuality surfaced in Hong Kong in 2009.  The case of a Hong Kong Tran woman seeking legal support to marry demonstrates how difficult it is to realize one’s self fully in the most common activities in life even after one has abided by the above-mentioned regulation and has completed transition.  As the heterosexual framework of the Marriage Registration Office is challenged, new and complicated meanings beyond the merely biological are injected into the assumption of “one man, one woman” in marriage.  We hope the High Court of Hong Kong would make a progressive decision to loosen the biological grid over intimate relationships and push for a global policy of gender equity.

4. Women Still Need to Struggle for Sexual Autonomy:

Female sexuality is viewed as a passé issue as we march into the 21^st century. After all, sex revolution in the Chinese world seems to have reached a certain degree of fruition, in the sexy bodies and moves filling the media and the Internet, in the sexual practices and moral values prevalent among today’s young women.  Thirty years of rapid social change and over a decade of liberating discourses on sexuality seem to have loosened the age-old ideas of chastity and propriety, and women can now be themselves in experimenting with sex just as the women in the popular TV series “Sex and the City.”  Nevertheless, several important events in 2009 signaled important backlashes in gender and sexuality throughout the greater China, and the dominant discourses displayed an amazing degree of setback.

A few prominent examples will suffice.  When a female model strides beyond the body performance on the catwalk and enters other social spaces to conduct intellectual discussions with scholars, Hong Kong’s true disdain for female performers exploded with contempt.  When a famous Taiwanese politician was caught leaving a motel with an attractive woman, the public ignored the usual drama of a repenting husband and an understanding wife; instead, all attention focused on finding out every detail about “the other woman,” depriving her of any shred of privacy and social life.  As the full-grown daughter of an old Chinese painter posed in nude for her father’s works, the public in mainland China could not help expressing their jealousy and resentment through invoking the nebulous existence of the incest taboo.  When women—ranging from young girls, women soldiers, female nurses, to even famous women hosts of talk shows—choose to parade their bodies and desires in the real or virtual words, what they get is either jealous criticism by netizens or threat and punishment by the law.  These responses serve only to thwart the unfurling energy of female sexuality.

In these events and others, the antagonism and resentment expressed through public discourses demonstrate that, despite on-going sex revolution, female sexuality and its practices still meet with a lot of hostility in the Chinese world.  And as feminist understanding of “objectification” narrows to “commodification” in the hands of the mainstreamers in recent years, autonomous expressions of female sexuality are faced with even more shame and blame.  These responses and their blatant or implied negativity, joined together with the hostility we witness in another set of news reports in 2009 in which violence against women is featured as both wide-spread and formidable, work to produce such fear and shame that any prospect for women’s power in sexuality must find itself hard-pressed on all sides.  To change this atmosphere and affirm women’s sex rights, revolutionary thinking is needed in relation to women as both subjects and objects of sex by aggressively upholding the sex-positive values and practices that are always present in our daily lives and the media.

 

Prospect: Guarding against Conservative Moral Backlash

Sex rights have achieved partial success and also some losses in greater China in the course of 2009. Yet one cannot afford to overlook the “child-protection” cause now being fanned up all around the globe by sexual conservatives creating populist sex phobias in religion, parenthood, and education. Sex panics have further flared up with certain high-profiled sex scandals. The fact that Golf star Tiger Woods’s multiple extra-marital affairs received such negative exposure in a nation well-known for its sexual openness such as the US warrants our concern. After all, such scandals are highlighted by the global media and the humiliation and shame suffered by Woods are helping with the revival of conservative values and discourses over sex.  As the re-valuation of marriage and family consolidates into increasingly rigidifying sexual mores through the negative portrayal of these scandals, affirmation of sex rights will likely endure more obstacles in the future. Concern over sex rights in greater China thus needs to take into view global developments in sexual issues.

 

Top Sex Rights Events in Hong Kong, 2009

1.    Domestic and Cohabitation Relationships Violence Ordinance passes with applicability covering same-sex partners

2.    Popularity of female models extends beyond the catwalk and raises controversy

3.    New surveillance rules cover the Internet to prevent sexual transactions that may involve minors

4.    Legislator accuses AIDS education webpage’s outreach strategy as “advocating” abuse of recreational drugs

5.    Transsexual woman applies for review of Hong Kong Marriage Registration Office’s regulation regarding “one man, one women” marriage policy

6.    Legislators violate privacy rights of sex workers by inviting the press to accompany the police in obscenity raids

(Selected by Joseph Mankit Tso, representing the Nutong Xueshe (NTXS) gay and lesbian rights group in Hong Kong)

 

Top Ten Sex Rights Events in Taiwan, 2009

1.    Supreme Court Constitutional Interpretation #666 favors decriminalization of sex work by removing incriminating clause

2.    Reinstitution of Censorship of the media infringes upon freedom of press

3.    Religious conservatives mobilize to put pressure on annual Gay Pride March

4.    “The Other Woman” in legislator’s extra-marital affair suffers thorough invasion of privacy

5.    AIDS scare prompts mother to whistle-blow on gay home parties as the government offers gift coupons for volunteer blood-testing

6.    Expressions of female sexuality suffer various forms of penalty

7.    New rules governing university student dorms meet with protests that demands room for the enjoyment of sexual autonomy

8.    Police stepping up obscenity raids violate the rights of DVD shop owners

9.    Sissiness and its performance on TV raise controversy for gay co-host of talk show

10.  Discrimination against gays flares up as politicians take advantage of insinuations regarding election opponents

(Selected by Gender/Sexuality Rights Association, Taiwan)

Special choices:

1.    Protestation in nude by young gays directs attention to sex rights violated by government laws and regulations

2.    Debate over heteronormativity on the sex board of major BBS in Taiwan raises consciousness of homophobia

 

Top Ten Gender/Sexuality Events in China, 2009

1.  Province of Canton rules that schools should provide more restrooms for girl students than for boy students

2.  Daughter posing nude for painter father results in rumors of incest

3.  Proposal to the Chinese National Assembly states that the faultless party of the marriage can file for compensation from the intruding “third party”

4.  Dispute flares up over laws that insist on distinguishing between statuary rape and child prostitution

5.  High-profiled rape cases and their unconventional legal treatment raise controversy

6.  Obscenity sweeps lead to the closing of multiple websites in China and new rulings concerning sexual information on the Internet jeopardize the work of sexologists and sex educators

7.  Fabricated news concerning HIV-AIDS woman expose discrimination and fear

8.  Pictures of busted nude sex workers raise public protest

9.  New regulations for SRS procedure tighten control and review of trans people

10.  Series of sex-related events on various campuses reveal desperate need for progressive gender/sexuality education for the young

(Selected by a group of 16 young scholars in the field of gender/sexuality research)

 

Development of Psychology of Sexuality and Sex Counseling in Today

 

Prof. Mingyu Deng, M.D., Ph.D

Institute for Oriental Western Human Sexuality, USA

 

【Abstract】 Psychosexual is multifarious psychological reaction in human sexual behavior. Psychology of sexuality is to study human psychosexual development, sociality of sex role and sexual health etc. Research has handled psychological theory and technology. Natural psychosexual put up psychosexual development in every age phases. Abnormal psychosexual and sex behavior in psychosexual development course can be treated by sex counseling and sex therapy.

【Key words】Psychosexual, Psychology of sexuality, Sexual health, Sex counseling

 

The Pursuit of Sexual Human Rights and Gender Equality: Chinese Scholars Comment on China’s Top 10 Sex and Gender Events in 2009[1]

 

Yanping Liu¹  Gang Fang²

Psychology Department, Beijing Forestry University

 

Since 2008 , 16 young Chinese scholars, who are engaged in sexual and gender studies, have selected ten events of sexualities and gender in China and made comments on them every year. They had their second session in 2009.

The scholars hope that, by the annual selection and the media released to the public, this activity can play a role in making the public to pay more attention on sexual and gender problems, helping the progress on sexual rights and gender equality, and developing the social democracy and tolerance. In the activity, they don’t represent for any organization, but themselves.

This activity was initiated by Fang Gang, Director of Institute of Sexuality and Gender, Beijing Forestry University ; Associate Professor of Psychology Department, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University. He is also the convener. Fang Gang said that he hopes this selection could be made once a year, they will stick to it and they believe that with 10 years of this small effort accumulated, it would surely make a big contribution to the progress of the sexual rights and gender equality in Chinese society.

Currently, all the participating scholars are engaged in sexualities or gender researches. They are doctors in the field of humanities and social sciences and teach in colleges or universities. But they are diversified in research aspects, gender, which make them enable to conduct a comprehensive comments on any issues. They are: Fang Gang, Zhang Yuxia, Zhang Jing, Li Bian, Zhao Hejun, Zhang Jingjie, Xu Zhaoshou, Peng Tao, Huang Can, Chen Yaya, Shen Yifei, Pei YuXin, Yang Liu, Yuan Xiaojin, Gao Yanning, Hu Xiaohong.

“The top 10 sex / gender events in Chinese society" in 2009 are as follows:

1.” Toilet seats, more for women than for men”. Guangdong province

The newly revised "Regulations to protect Women in Guangdong Province" was carried out on January 1, 2009. It’s an practical operation for the reason that women usually take more time to use toilet than men do; hence the public health facilities in school should take that into account to make more toilet seats for female students.

From the point of gender equality, the scholars made comments to support this approach and believed that it is an action to benefit gender equality. They hope that the gender different could be aware of in all aspects of our lives.

2. Denounce for incest: The father, a painter, let his daughter be his nude model

In early January, Chongqing, Qin Li, a 23-year-old girl, let herself be a nude model for her 61-year-old father, named Zhuang-ping Li, who was a painter. This news caused a great uproar. A few artists, in the point view of art, spoke highly of the painting of daughter by the father. However, some people from internet and ethical experts believed that such a behavior is suspicious of incest, which triggered a heat debate.

In their comments, the scholars believe that this event refers to ethics conflicts during a transition period of society. They think that, as a purely aesthetic object, nude model has nothing to do with sex, not to mention "incest."

3. "When marriage’s over because an affair, the one who’s innocent can claim loss from the marriage intruder"

In March, a representative proposed a motion, "the one who’s innocent when the marriage’s over because of an affair can claim loss from the marriage intruder ", to the National Congress. The proposer said that the when a marriage’s over because of an affair, the one who didn’t have the affair should have right to claim loss from the marriage intruder. This motion would help to reduce the rate of affairs and to slow the trend of out-marriage sex. The motion caused a big discussion online.

The scholars comment that the substance of this motion is based on the mainstream values that are to defend the marital relations by the law, and to try to crack down on individuals’ decision-making rights for their emotion, sex and marital relations; it is essentially based on the mainstreaming values about sex and marriage, and attempted to interfere the privacy with public power, an act denying the individual’s human rights. The motion departures from the modern spirit of law, disregards the transition in the institution of marriage that divorce is from a fault one to be a no-fault one. It is against the historical trend.

4. The disputes on “Buying Sexual Services from Girls under the Age of 14” Case and Abolishing this term of Crime

In Xishui County, Guizhou Province, more than 10 primary and secondary school girls had been forced to provide sex service to the government officers. In early April, the court began the first trial. The attorney prosecuted the government offiicers of " Buying Sexual Services from Girls under the Age of 14" rather than "Raping Girls under the Age of 14 " and said that the reason he made such prosecution is to punish the criminals. However, according to the law, the punishment of "Raping Girls under the Age of 14 " is far more severe than " Buying Sexual Services from Girls under Age of 14”. So a lot of people from internet and legal experts insisted that the case should be prosecuted of  "Raping Girls under the Age of 14”. Moreover, many people questioned the term of " Buying Sexual Services from Girls under the Age of 14"; they strongly recommended to remove this term of crime.

The comment of the scholars is: Behind this case, we could dig deeply to find many hidden power relations and there are also other powers as public power, gender rights, judicial power and so on. As a result, the event is a direct challenge to the people’s confidence on the state power and judicial justice. However, the scholars couldn’t make a consistent opinion on abolishing the term of " Buying Sexual Services from Girls under the Age of 14 ". Some thought that abolishing this term would be considered a deprivation of rights of Girls under the Age of 14 on self-determined sex, which relates to legal provisions of "minimum age protection ". The Scholars couldn’t make an agreement on this issue. Some thought the "minimum age protection" is necessary, others insisted that it was a denial of the minors’ sex rights.

The released comment turned out to be different. It let the people to make their own choices.

5. Thoughts from Rape Cases

The First case is the one of Yujiao Deng. In May 10, 2009, in a county of Hubei Province, a government officer went to a nightclub. The incident occurred when the officer was forcing "special sex service". Yujiao Deng, a waitress, stabbed him to death, which attracted attention from the media and public. Finally, the Procuratorate prosecuted Yujiao Deng of "over-defense". The court did not sentence her any criminal. But the controversy about the case never stop.

The "Temporary Rape" case occurred In Nanxun, Zhejiang province. In the evening of June 10, two police officers from a police station in Zhejiang, deliberately broke the law: they raped an unconscious woman who was dunked in a hotel. Taking into account of the fact that the two police officers were " temporarily intending to commit the crime" without any motive and asking of forgiveness from the victim afterwards, the court gave them a mitigating punishment to sentence them in prison for three years. This decision cause a national discussion.

The scholars believe that the Yujiao Deng case and the "temporary rape" case have gone beyond the rape itself. There are many factors as class, status, power and other factors involved in these cases. They highlight the bias and paradox in contemporary socio-culture and legal implementation. For this reason, reports on similar cases will cause unprecedented repercussions and enormous controversy. In some sense, Yujiao Deng case may be seen as a typical sample on the construction of civil society.

6. To rectify the pornography on the internet, a number of Websites have been closed

Since the end of 2008, activities of rectifying the pornography on the internet have launched all over the country. Once upon a time, it was ruled that the “Green Dam” would prohibit the civil requirements of accessing to “pornographic” information. However, a strong reaction from the people made this suspend. On June 23, 2009, Chinese Ministry of Health released the “Management Approach of information services for Internet Health ", which ruled that only government-approved medical and health institutions can provide the sites with sex-related contents. All the sites that publish such contents must be approved by the provincial medical and health department. The Management Approach also points out that the channels of preventive and health care on a comprehensive Website shouldn’t carry out content services for the scientific research in Sexology. The medical and health care websites, carrying out content services about scientific research of Sexology, should be only open to the professionals who engage in the clinical and scientific-related studies. Until the end of 2009, a large scale of network "anti-pornographic” activities are still in full swing. A number of sites have been shut down.

The scholars believe that in modern society, people’ s rights on sexual health should be protected. In order to achieve this purpose, the premise is that public authority should be able to protect people’s accessibility to sexual health information. In addition, the developed process of "sex" has revealed that "sex" is not just a medical issue. Even the purpose of Ministry of Health's "Management Approach" is to increase the "governance" on sex information on the medical and health care network, it should also be considered how much "control" it can do. Does it interfere the field of sexuality belonged to the privacy of citizens?

7, "HIV-women" Event

In September and October , 2009. A blog appeared on the Internet. Its owner is Deli Yang, who was from Baoding, Heibei province, a POP Counter lady in Beijing. In the signature of “Deli Yang’s” text and space, there were more than 400 pieces of sexual pictures and videos; 279 phone numbers which belong to the “clients” were attached. It was “estimated that most of them have been infected with AIDS”. This event spread rapidly on the Internet. On October 18, Yan Deli was reported to the police. AIDS test result showed that the so-called “Yan Deli suffered from AIDS” was a lie. On October 21, the instigator of the "HIV-women" event, Yang, was arrested. The truth is Mr. Yang’s ex-girlfriend, Yan Deli wanted to break up with him. Yang couldn’t bear it and made an vicious revenge. Most phone numbers of the "Clients” were from Yan Deli’s contact book. Mr. Yang’s purpose was to humiliate Yan Deli, so that she couldn’t marry.
  In the comments, scholars pointed out that, before the truth come out, there were a lot of curse voices to Yan. The public hostility toward the people, who was infected with HIV, as well as the sex workers, were exhaustively exposed again. The love and compassion we should give to the patients all have gone. The "Pseudo-AIDS" exposed our "true discrimination." This is the biggest wake-up call for us in this event. In this period, the media paid less attention on the truth, but more on the privacy snooping. From another point of view, this event revealed the morbid desire of men to “own” the women exclusively, which existed in traditional culture, as well as a kind of dark psychology to women: hatred and revenge.

8, In Zhengzhou, publishing nude photos of the arrested prostitutes arouse controversy.

In the evening of October 28, 2009. in Zhengzhou, police had a special mission to combat pornographic and gambling-related behaviors. There were some photos from the reports of this mission published online, which immediately led to a big discussion among the people from internet. The most controversial photo was as described below: a "bald" man was grabbing the hair of a naked women. The Head-upturned "women" was covering her chest with her hands crossed and kneeling on the ground; her clothes were on the side. Her face was full of panic. In the photo, there was also a naked client sitting on the ground with his back to the camera. This event caused the public, from the point of view of human dignity, civil privacy, to show sympathy to the prostitutes. The public also questioned the legality to take the photos without agreement, to public nude photos online and other acts.

Scholars pointed out that right of a person's own image, privacy, right of reputation, and the basic human rights should be protected by the law and should not be deprived only because the person’s work was despised by society. Government officers should also to follow the law to respect them. The  basic human rights should be protected and the offside public power can not hurt the dignity of the persons concerned, their civil rights are not permitted to be violated. The scholars also called the community to protect the people’s privacy, and the content on the network and other media should be maintained properly to respect gender equality.

9, The Ministry of Health issued the provisions on transsexual operations

In November 2009, in order to do well in the technical audit and clinical application management on transsexual operations and safeguard the medical quality and safety, the Ministry of Health develop the “Technology Management Specifications of Transsexual Operations (for trial)." For those who want to apply for a sex change surgery, the "Specifications" make the requirements the patients must meet before the surgery. They included: the patient’s demand for sex change must be consistent for at least five years; the patient must take preoperative psychological and psychiatric treatment for over one year but no use; the patient must : be more than 20 years old; has full civil capacity; not in the marital status; has a "transsexual’s" diagnosis issued by a psychiatrist which can prove he or she has no other psychological problems; be tested by psychology experts to prove his/her psychological sexual orientation is homosexual and he/she has no other psychological metamorphosis; and so on.

In their comments, the scholars believe that the "Specifications" make qualification for the agency implementing the surgery is conducive to the quality assurance in operations. But from the above provisions for the transsexuals, we can see that the minorities in sex are still in a state being diseased, metamorphosis and stigmatized, the rights to make decisions on their own lives continue to be limited by awfully harsh restrictions. For example, the regulations on age, the requirements for transsexual operations and the time to have the "treatment" are likely to let the transsexuals miss the most suitable and golden period to have operations. The regulations on the sexual orientation ignore the diversity of sexuality, so do those on the transsexuals and the transsexual homosexuals. In fact, all these represent two dimension thoughts of heterosexual men and women.

10. A chain of events on campus “scandals"

Following the sensational “nude photos scandal" incidents in 2008, a chain of “scandals” appeared in 2009, which attract big attention from the media to the public.

(1) In the end of June, a video named “Rubbing Chest Scandal” spread online. On the video, a group of boys were rubbing a girl’s bare chest and joking on her at the moment.

(2) Examination Scandals: In August, a scandal came out from Central Conservatory of Music. An nearly 70-year-old doctoral tutor, named Liang, had sex relations with a student and took bribes from her. It is alleged that the professor once had promised to help the girl to be a doctor, but did not succeed. Fearing of being exposed by the girl, the professor preemptively confessed it to the Discipline Inspection Departments of school and returned the money.

(3) Making love Scandal: A video about two students from "Handan University” making love in a classroom, widely spread online. The video lasted less than 1 minute. The content was: two students, a boy and a girl, are making love on the windowsill. The girl’s pants fell below her legs; her ponytail is constantly shaking at the same time

(4) The Scandal of Teacher and Student: A high school student published some intimate photos about her and her teacher online, and left a long text. Once being released, it quickly became popular on internet

(5) Raping Scandal: A video of campus “Raping Scandal” occurred in Zengcheng, Guangzhou. On the video, a girl in school uniforms was pressed to the ground by a few boys and was forced to take off her pants. The boys even poke a stick-liked object into the private part of the girl.

The scholars comment that the chain of events on campus “Scandals" highlight the campus / educational topics. In today’s China, it’s an imperative need to pursue an open-minded sexuality and gender education in campus.

 

Comparison research on sexual behavior and consciousness between Chinese and Japanese college students

 

Gao Jian¹  Shimizu Yoshiko²

1 Tianjin University of TCM, China  2 Nagano College of Nursing, Japan

 

【Abstract】 Objective: This article aims at understanding sexual consciousness and sexual behavior of Chinese-Japanese college students. Methods: Utilizing Self-editing University Students Sexual Health Questionnaire. to investigate 625 Chinese university students and 672 Japanese university students. Results: 1 Japanese university students are more concerned about sexual health. 2 Ways of acquiring sexual knowledge between Chinese university students′ and Japanese university students are different. 3 In terms of attitude for sexual behavior, Japanese university students have a tendency of accepting sexual behavior during the university time more easily. And also the happenings of sexual behavior are much higher than that of Chinese university students.4 Japanese students know more about sexual knowledge than Chinese university students. Conclusions: The system of sexual education needs to be better improved and the system of sexual education in Japan is worthy of our study.

【Key words】University students; Sexual consciousness; Sexual behavior; Chinese-Japanese comparison

 

 

Development and Psychometric Analysis of Quality of Sexual life for Chinese Married Males and Females

Peicheng Hu, Lei Hu, Junyi Wu

Peking University Health Science center, 100083, China

 

【Abstract】 Objective: From the aspect of humanism, to develop the questionnaire for The Quality of Sexual Life for married males and females(QSL) and assess its reliability and validity, and develop its norm of Chinese married males and females. Methods: Literature review, personal interview and qualitative study were used to develop initial questionnaire. For female, the initial questionnaire was administered to 366 married women for exploratory factor analysis, and then to 1529 married women for confirmatory factor analysis. To evaluate the reliability and validity, correlation analysis was also used. For male, questionnaire was administered to 520 married males aged 22~70 from 9 provinces of China, among whom 477 males finished effectively. 192 were tested with the criterion scales, and 32 were retested after 2 weeks with QSL. The reliabilities and validities of QSL were examined by factor analysis and other methods. Norm sampling surveyed 1,425 married males aged 22~75 from 9 provinces of China. QSL had been created as software. Results: For female, Development of sexual quality of life questionnaire and establishment of norm. After exploratory factor analysis, a questionnaire consisted of 32 items was established, which had six factors: satisfaction, communication, anxiety, sexual response, attitude and self-image. These six factors could explain 63.59% of the total variance and were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df = 5.247；GFI =0.905；NFI = 0.906；TLI = 0.914；CFI = 0.922; RMSEA = 0.053). Cronbach coefficient was 0.937, test-retest reliability was 0.925. The correlation coefficient between the total score of the questionnaire and subscale score of ENRICH (sexual relationship) was high(r = 0.716, P<0.01). For male, QSL correlation between each item and the total score is between 0.450~0.723, each item having a significant CR value. The retest reliability is 0.981; Cronbach’s α is 0.940; split reliability is 0.905. The correlations between SHS-M’s subscales (sexual physiology, sexual psychology, sexual caress, sexual desire, sexual communication) and 3 subscales (husband-wife communication, sexual life, marriage satisfaction) from Olson's Marital Quality Inventory (ENRICH) and the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF-5) are positive, r ranging from 0.249 to 0.710. Exploratory factor analysis results in a 5-factor model, accounting for 55.90% of the total variance, with factor loadings between 0.420~0.732. The norm of the scale shows that there are significant difference between age groups. This QSL software is using in the website of Chinese Sina and got good feedback. Conclusions: QSL has good psychometric properties and formed its norm of Chinese married males and female, thus it can be used in assessing quality of sexual life of Chinese married males and females.

【Key words】 Applied Psychology; Quality of Sexual life, Psychometrics; Questionnaire; Norm; Software

 

 

The Psychosexual Development of Adolescent Girls

 

Qinglian Li, Ph.D. Candidate

Toronto Office of the <Chinese Psychology and Health Times>

Cognitive Psychology believes that substantial increase of information makes people's sexual attitudes change significantly, which frequently stimulates young girl’s brains and gonads, thus opens their physiological bud and surely promotes their psychosexual development. However, social life is getting more and more complex, which delays girls’ social and psychological maturity. Without a mature social and psychosexual, it is easy for them to fall into blindness.

There are several periods of girls’ sexual psychological development.

1. Period of Sexual consciousness awoken. Girls look forward to contact with boys. Some girls even change their clothes multiple times a day to attract boys’ attention.

2. Period of fantasy and masturbation. Girls have daydreams about their relationship with boys. Some of them masturbate themselves.

3. Period of imitation and having sexual activities.

In every period of girls’ psychosexual development, girls show a very complex and contradictory mood: they care about the behavior of boys, wanting to get their attention; but meanwhile they hide their desire, being reserved and shy. They masturbate themselves in both pleasure and guilt.

Psychosexual self-development may lead to two undesirable tendencies: First, driven by the sexual instinct, out of ignorance and curiosity, girls would have premature sexual experience. This causes two problems: some have a heavy burden of remorse, considering themselves as bad person; others tend to pursue sexual pleasure afterwards because premature sex experience may make their sexual desire increase fiercely. This is the path where some girls took from sexual experience to sexual misconduct, which is very hard to correct.

Secondly, some girls think of psychosexual as evil. They bear a strong sense of shame and guilt and then become withdrawal, low self-esteem and introverted.

People’s psychosexual maturity depends on the sexual physiological maturity, but psychosexual maturity does not mean sexual psychological maturity. The indication of psychosexual maturity is that sexual behavior is based on the combination of soul and body, sex and love. Therefore, psychosexual maturity is closely related to social and psychological maturity. In our society, people’s sexuality is not only natural, but also social and spiritual. People’s choice for what kind of person to have sex with and their sexual behaviors reflect their responsibility, personality and characteristics. Psychosexual maturity requires a process of continuous adjusting and adapting between the two, especially a continuous distillation of emotion to achieve perfection.

The psychosexual development of adolescent girls is in the state of immaturity. For them to have a healthy psychosexual, a formal sexuality education is necessary.

 

The Investigation and Research of Psychosexual Present Status of Puberty of Junior Middle School Students in Chongqing in China

 

Qin ZHAO, Ph.D.

Chongqing Medical University, China

 

【Abstract】 The author of the thesis proposed that the psychosexual education of puberty should be emphasized in junior middle schools in Chongqing in China, the objective of the proposal is to cultivate student＇s proper sexual ideas; to develop their healthy sexual psychology; eliminate their sexual puzzles; to form their ideal personality. In the end to enhance their all-round quality. The chapter one of the thesis shows the studies on the background of psychosexual education of puberty in foreign and domestic academic field. The aim of the review of the literature is to provide the value and meaning of the research of the thesis. In Chapter Two, the thesis make a definition of the concept between psychosexual and psychosexual education of puberty, elaborating the theory basis of psychosexual education of puberty and the methods of studying. In Chapter Three, a survey is designed to obtain the relevant data on psychosexual education of puberty in junior middle schools in middles schools in Chongqing. The investigation covers three sides: 1. State of the sexual physiology, psychosexual, sexual concept. 2. The level of cognition of psychosexual knowledge; main sources of sexual knowledge and requirements. 3. approaches on psychosexual education. The survey results shows that at present the average age of mental experience of junior middle school student who has the first interest in sex, the first time of sexual impulse, masturbation. sexual illusion, and first love happen at junior middle school stage. At this stage the phenomenon of puppy love, date, hug, kiss, caressing even make love is happened at lowering trend of age. At the same time the teenagers lack the essential understanding of the first menstrual period, masturbation, sexual illusion, sexual impulse, make sex friend, how to face the sex requirement and so on. So students face much sexual puzzles and suffer from the feeling of guilty. Besides, they are influenced by social unhealthy appearance and shocked by foreign culture, some of the students misunderstand the sex concept and sexual behaviors. And sexual behaviors before marriage, which often are seen in west counties, also can be seen in the research city today. It is a huge menace to the sound mind and body of the teenagers. In Chapter four the integrated ideas on psychosexual education are shown to provide the theories and design of the teaching practice in Chapter five. In Chapter five some activities are designed to explore the practical methods on psychosexual education of puberty in junior middle schools. In the end, the conclusion of the thesis shows that the appropriate strategies and practice on psychosexual education are helpful on guiding the students to form their proper sexual ideas and attitudes, enhancing their development on their physical and mental health. Meanwhile, the practical approaches are valuable for the psychosexual education in junior middle schools.

 

【Key word】Junior middle school student; Psychosexual education of puberty; investigation on the status of psychosexual; Sexual health education

 

 

Investigation to University Student's Natural Consciousness and Sex Act's Present Situation in Universities of Tianjin

 

Yang Ruizhi,  Gao Jian,  Guan Kexin,  Guo Ping

Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjing, China

 

【Abstract】 Objective: In order to understand that Tianjin University university student's natural consciousness and sex act's present situation, discusses in the university develops the sex education the importance. Method: Uses itself to establish "about Natural Consciousness And Sex act's Investigation" the questionnaire, carries on to the Tianjin various universities' 625 university students about the natural consciousness and sex act's secret questionnaire survey. Results: The majority of students on university students during the relatively conservative sexual behavior, sexual behavior in the face of possible consequences arising from the relatively cautious, sexual activity compared to a student that sense of responsibility and the impact on their studies, while fewer students have received sex education system, The relative lack of knowledge, but also understand the desire of knowledge. Conclusions: In middle school for various reasons could not embark on the system of sex education, the University of public education is the last leg of sex education should become the main channel, the students launched a comprehensive system of sex education responsibility.

【Key word】 University student; Natural consciousness; Sex act; Sexual knowledge; Sex education

 

【Conference information】

International Forum of Psychosexual and Sexual Health

& 2011Annual Meeting of the Hebei Psychological Society

 

(August 1-4, 2010. Beidaihe District, Hebei, China)

 

By: Hebei Psychological Society. E-mail: hebxlxh@163.com

International Association of Chinese Medical Specialists & Psychologists

E-mail: iacmsp@gmail.com

International Society of Chinese Sexual Health